The influence of the spectral composition of artificial lighting on the biochemical composition of tomato fruits Solanum lycopersicum L.

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Abstract

Light is an important environmental factor that regulates the accumulation of micro- and macroelements and organic acids in tomato fruits. The use of LEDs for lighting during the growth and development of tomatoes is an effective method for improving the quality of tomato fruits. In this study, LED light sources with a combined spectral composition and high-pressure discharge lamps were used to grow tomatoes in a climate chamber. Using capillary electrophoresis, the mass fractions of cations (ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium ions), anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate ions) and organic acids were determined. It has been established that the type of light sources and the spectral composition of optical radiation are one of the key factors in improving the quality of tomatoes. When grown under LEDs, the concentration of malic acid in tomato fruits increased by 60%, succinic acid by 2 times, and magnesium by 14% and calcium by 57% compared to the fruits of tomato plants grown under gas-discharge lamps. Thus, by selecting the spectral composition of optical radiation, it is potentially possible to increase the content of target components and improve the taste of tomatoes.

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About the authors

Inna V. Knyazeva

Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM

Email: knyazewa.inna@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1065-1814

Candidate of Sciences in Biology, Senior Researcher

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alexander A. Smirnov

Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM

Author for correspondence.
Email: alexander8484@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9236-2281

Candidate of Sciences in Technique, Senior Researcher

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Spectral composition of experimental LED lighting in a climate chamber for growing tomato plants

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3. Fig. 2. Spectral composition of the control lighting variant in a climate chamber when growing tomato plants

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4. Fig. 3. Content of organic acids in fruits of the tomato variety Blagovatny. The presence of the asterisk symbol indicates significant differences between the experimental and control samples (p <0.05)

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5. Fig. 4. Content of the main cations and anions in the raw mass of the Blagovatny tomato variety. The presence of the asterisk symbol indicates significant differences between the experimental and control samples (p <0.05)

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