Эволюция военного присутствия США в Европе (2017–2023 годы)

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Аннотация

В статье предпринята попытка проследить эволюцию группировки США в 2017–2023 годы в европейской части зоны ответственности НАТО в целом и в важнейших государствах-реципиентах присутствия. Использованы положения теории строительства вооружённых сил. Сравнивается размер присутствия Соединённых Штатов в Европе к окончанию холодной войны и в условиях современной конфронтации с РФ. К середине 2020-х годов близким к предельному признан размер группировки США в Европе в 100 тыс. военных, оптимальный с учётом возможностей и задач – в 80 тыс. солдат и офицеров. Исследуется динамика числа единовременно развёрнутых в Европе войсковых бригад Армии США. В работе изучается эволюция состава контингентов Соединённых Штатов в Италии, Германии (преобладание уже не войсковых частей, а различных сил поддержки), их роль как доноров для комплектования группировок в Восточной Европе. Раскрыты формы создания военного присутствия на севере Норвегии. Показаны особенности подхода США к ротационному развёртыванию бронетанковой бригады в Польше (с 2017 года), воздушно-десантной – в Румынии (с 2022 года), создание в обеих странах сетки штабов, в том числе дивизионных и армейского корпуса. Заметный рост военного присутствия США в Европе в феврале – июне 2022 года задал рамочные условия для новой модели войск НАТО (на Мадридском саммите) и внесения основной нагрузки в неё европейскими государствами-членами.

Об авторах

Ф. О Трунов

Институт научной информации по общественным наукам РАН (ИНИОН РАН)

Email: 1trunov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7092-4864
Scopus Author ID: 57211605240
ResearcherId: AAC-7844-2020
кандидат политических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Российская Федерация, Москва

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