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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">110788</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj39441-57</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Liver cirrhosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Циррозы печени</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchyokotova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щёкотова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Professor of Department of Faculty Therapy № 2, Occupational Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры факультетской терапии № 2, профессиональной патологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики, доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>al_shchekotova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Shchyokotova A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Щёкотова А.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchyokotova A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щёкотова А.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/110788">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/110788</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The liver cirrhosis (LC) is a severe disease, the 11<sup>th</sup> by the cause of death in the world, 50 % of patients die during 5 years. The most frequent etiological factors are alcoholic disease of the liver and chronic viral hepatitis. The following general pathological mechanisms are involved in LC pathogenesis: hepatocyte damage, endothelial dysfunction, oxidant stress, fibrosis activation, pathological regeneration, neoangiogenesis, architectonic impairment of the organ with the development of portal hypertension. Genetic factors contribute to the progression of the liver pathology. Depending on the LC etiology, there are the features of pathogenesis, clinical picture, morphology, diagnostics, treatment and prognosis for alcoholic liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fat liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary LC, hemochromatosis, Wilson-Konovalov disease, A1-antitripcin deficiency disease. Among rare causes of LC, there are noted Budd-Chiari syndrome, cardiac cirrhosis, Indian childhood cirrhosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Циррозы печени являются тяжелым заболеванием, 11-й по частоте причиной смерти в мире, 50 % больных умираю в течение 5 лет. Этиологическими факторами наиболее часто являются алкогольная болезнь печени и хронические вирусные гепатиты. В патогенезе циррозов печени участвуют общепатологические механизмы: повреждение гепатоцитов, эндотелиальная дисфункция, оксидантный стресс, активация фиброза, патологическая регенерация, неоангиогенез, нарушение архитектоники органа с развитием портальной гипертензии. В прогрессировании патологии печени играют роль генетические факторы. В зависимости от этиологии циррозов печени имеются особенности патогенеза, клиники, морфологии, диагностики, лечения и прогноза при алкогольной болезни печени, хронических вирусных гепатитах, неалкогольной жировой болезни печени, аутоиммунном гепатите, первичном билиарном циррозе печени, гемохроматозе, болезни Вильсона – Коновалова, болезни дефицита альфа-1-антитрипсина. Среди редких причин ЦП отмечены синдром Бадда – Киари, сердечный цирроз, индийский детский цирроз.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>etiology, pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>hepatic syndrome in liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>features of cirrhosis of different etiology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>печеночные синдромы при циррозе печени</kwd><kwd>особенности циррозов различной этиологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Moon A.M., Singal A.G., Tapper E.B. Contemporary Epidemiology of Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2020; 18 (12): 2650–2666.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Burden of Liver Disease in Europe. 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