<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">112479</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj39558-68</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern opportunities and problematic aspects of diagnostics and treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные возможности и проблемные аспекты диагностики и лечения больных нейроэндокринными опухолями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-5562</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5975-7654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysanyuk</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысанюк</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Faculty Surgery named after S.P. Fedorov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии им. С.П. Фёдорова</p></bio><email>lysanjuk-maksim@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-1730</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3850-1792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashchenko</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромащенко</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of RAS, MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Department and Clinic of Faculty of Surgery named after S.P. Fedorov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник кафедры и клиники факультетской хирургии им. С.П. Фёдорова</p></bio><email>lysanjuk-maksim@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-7660</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2571-9603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maistrenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майстренко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of RAS, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Faculty of Surgery named after S.P. Fedorov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии им. С.П. Фёдорова</p></bio><email>lysanjuk-maksim@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-11-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/112479">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/112479</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective.</bold> To study modern diagnostic capabilities and identify available ways to improve the results of treatment of patients with NET of the digestive organs. Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are neoplasms difficult to diagnose and treat, which are localized mainly in the digestive tract.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The results of observation of 325 patients with NET were studied: gastrointestinal tract – in 189 (58.1 %) persons, pancreas – in 125 (38.5 %), without established localization – in 11 (3.4 %). NET of various malignancy prevailed – 92.3 %. Laboratory diagnostics included tumor markers (CGA, serotonin, 5-HIAA, etc.), instrumental – endoscopic (FGS, FCS), radiation (US, CT, MRI), radioisotope (PET-CT with 18-FDG, 68-Ga-peptides) and morphological (histology, immunohistochemistry) research.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Nonspecific symptoms were noted in 38–48 % of patients, asymptomatic course – in 20–25 %. The sensitivity of CGA was 54 %, serotonin and 5- HIAA – depended on the presence of carcinoid syndrome and the prevalence of the tumor. Multiphase CT is the main method of diagnosis of small intestinal NET, which allows you to differentiate pancreatic NET by the degree of malignancy. The surgical intervention provides the best results in the treatment of patients with non-metastatic NET, but in case of generalized tumors, its combination with antitumor therapy prolongs the duration of life in patients by 2 times.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Personalized therapeutic and diagnostic tactics, taking into account the clinical and morphological features of NET, ensures optimal detection and treatment, improves survival and quality of life among patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить современные возможности диагностики и определить доступные пути улучшения результатов лечения больных нейроэндокринными опухолями органов пищеварения. Нейроэндокринные опухоли – сложные для диагностики и лечения новообразования, преимущественно локализующиеся в органах пищеварительного тракта.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Изучены результаты наблюдения 325 больных нейроэндокринными опухолями: желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) – у 189 (58,1 %), поджелудочной железы (ПЖ) – у 125 (38,5 %), без установленной локализации – у 11 (3,4 %). Преобладали нейроэндокринные опухоли G1–G3 – 92,3 %, нейроэндокринные карциномы – 7,7 %. Лабораторная диагностика включала опухолевые маркёры (хромогранин-А, серотонин, 5-ГИУК и др.), инструментальная – эндоскопические (ФГС, ФКС), лучевые (УЗИ, СМКТ, МРТ), радиоизотопные (ПЭТ-КТ с 18-ФДГ, 68-Ga-пептидами) и морфологические (гистология, иммуногистохимия) исследования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Неспецифические симптомы отмечены у 38–48 % пациентов, бессимптомное течение – у 20–25 %. Чувствительность ХГА составила 54 %, серотонина и 5-ГИУК – зависела от наличия карциноидного синдрома и распространенности опухоли. Многофазная СКТ является основным методом диагностики нейроэндокринных опухолей ТонК, позволяет дифференцировать нейроэндокринные опухоли ПЖ по степени злокачественности. Хирургический метод обеспечивает наилучшие результаты лечения больных неметастатическими нейроэндокринными опухолями, в случае генерализованных опухолей его сочетание с противоопухолевой терапией продлевает продолжительность жизни пациентов в 2 раза.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Персонализированный лечебно-диагностический подход к обследованию больных нейроэндокринными опухолями, учитывающий особенности клинико-морфологического течения, обеспечивает оптимальное своевременное их выявление и лечение, улучшает выживаемость и качество жизни больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroendocrine tumor</kwd><kwd>neuroendocrine carcinoma</kwd><kwd>chromogranin-A</kwd><kwd>carcinoid syndrome</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd><kwd>cytoreduction</kwd><kwd>biotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроэндокринная опухоль</kwd><kwd>нейроэндокринная карцинома</kwd><kwd>хромогранин-А</kwd><kwd>карциноидный синдром</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>циторедукция</kwd><kwd>биотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dasari A., Shen C., Halperin D., Zhao B., Zhou S., Xu Y., Shih T., Yao J.C. Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors in the United States. JAMA Oncol. 2017; 3 (10): 1335–1342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dasari A., Shen C., Halperin D., Zhao B., Zhou S., Xu Y., Shih Т., Yao J.C. Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors in the United States. JAMA Oncol. 2017; 3 (10): 1335–1342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Das S., Dasari A. Epidemiology, Incidence, and Prevalence of Neuroendo-crine Neoplasms: Are There Global Dif-ferences? Curr Oncol Rep. 2021; 23 (4): 43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das S., Dasari A. Epidemiology, Incidence, and Prevalence of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Are There Global Differences? Curr. Oncol Rep. 2021; 23 (4): 43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Öberg K. The Genesis of the Neu-roendocrine Tumors Concept: From Ob-erndorfer to 2018. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2018; 47 (3): 711–731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Öberg K. The Genesis of the Neuroendocrine Tumors Concept: From Oberndorfer to 2018. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2018; 47 (3): 711–731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaliszewski K., Ludwig M., Greniuk M., Mikuła A., Zagórski K., Rudnicki J. Advances in the Diagnosis and Therapeu-tic Management of Gastroenteropancrea-tic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NENs). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 4 (8): 2028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaliszewski K., Ludwig M., Greniuk M., Mikuła A., Zagórski K., Rudnicki J. Advances in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NENs). Cancers (Basel). 2022; 4 (8): 2028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Singh S., Granberg D., Wolin E., Warner R., Sissons M., Kolarova T., Goldstein G., Pavel M., Öberg K., Leyden J. Patient-Reported Burden of a Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Diagnosis: Results From the First Global Survey of Patients With NETs. J. Glob. Oncol. 2016; 3 (1): 43–53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takayanagi D., Cho H., Machida E., Kawamura A., Takashima A., Wada S., Tsunoda T., Kohno T., Shiraishi K. Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Biomarkers in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14 (5): 1119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takayanagi D., Cho H., Machida E., Kawamura A., Takashima A., Wada S., Tsunoda T., Kohno T., Shiraishi K. Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Biomarkers in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel). 2022; 14 (5): 1119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chi W., Warner R.R.P., Chan D.L., Singh S., Segelov E., Strosberg J., Wisni-vesky J., Kim M.K. Long-term Outcomes of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Pancreas 2018; 47 (3): 321–325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chi W., Warner R.R.P., Chan D.L., Singh S., Segelov E., Strosberg J., Wisnivesky J., Kim M.K. Long-term Outcomes of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Pancreas. 2018; 47 (3): 321–325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hijioka S., Morizane C., Ikeda M., Ishii H., Okusaka T., Furuse J. Current status of medical treatment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and future perspectives. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2021; 51 (8): 1185–1196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hijioka S., Morizane C., Ikeda M., Ishii H., Okusaka T., Furuse J. Current status of medical treatment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and future perspectives. Jpn J Clin. Oncol. 2021; 51 (8): 1185–1196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clavien P.A., Barkun J., de Oliveira M.L., Vauthey J.N., Dindo D., Schulick R.D., de Santibañes E., Pekolj J., Slan-kamenac K., Bassi C., Graf R., Vonlanthen R., Padbury R., Cameron J.L., Makuuchi M. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009; 250 (2): 187–196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clavien P.A., Barkun J., de Oliveira M.L., Vauthey J.N., Dindo D., Schulick R.D., de Santibañes E., Pekolj J., Slankamenac K., Bassi C., Graf R., Vonlanthen R., Padbury R., Cameron J.L., Makuuchi M. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009; 250 (2): 187–196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petri A., Sebin K. Naglyadnaya medicin-skaya statistika, 3-e izd., dop.; Per. s angl. pod red. V.P. Leonova. Moscow: Geotar-Media 2019; 216 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петри А., Сэбин К. Наглядная медицинская статистика. 3-е изд., доп. Пер. с англ. под ред. В.П. Леонова. М.: Гэотар-Медиа 2019; 216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rebrova O.Yu. Statisticheskij analiz medicinskih dannyh. Prime-nenie paketa prikladnyh programm Statistica. Moscow: MediaSfera 2002; 312 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Реброва О.Ю. Статистический анализ медицинских данных. Применение пакета прикладных программ Statistica. М.: МедиаСфера 2002; 312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Grozinsky-Glasberg S., Davar J., Hofland J., Dobson R., Prasad V., Pascher A., Denecke T., Tesselaar M.E.T., Panzuto F., Albåge A., Connolly H.M., Obadia J.F., Riechelmann R., Toumpanakis C. European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2022 Guidance Paper for Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Heart Disease. J Neuroendocrinol. 2022; 25: e13146.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jilesen A.P., van Eijck C.H., Busch O.R., van Gulik T.M., Gouma D.J., van Dijkum E.J. Postoperative Outcomes of Enucleation and Standard Resections in Patients with a Pancreatic Neuroendo-crine Tumor. World J Surg. 2016; 40 (3): 715–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jilesen A.P., van Eijck C.H., Busch O.R., van Gulik T.M., Gouma D.J., van Dijkum E.J. Postoperative Outcomes of Enucleation and Standard Resections in Patients with a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor. World J Surg. 2016; 40 (3): 715–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oberg K., Modlin I.M., De Herder W., Pavel M., Klimstra D., Frilling A., Metz D.C., Heaney A., Kwekkeboom D., Stros-berg J., Meyer T., Moss S.F., Washington K., Wolin E., Liu E., Goldenring J. Con-sensus on biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumour disease. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16 (9): e435–e446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oberg K., Modlin I.M., De Herder W., Pavel M., Klimstra D., Frilling A., Metz D.C., Heaney A., Kwekkeboom D., Strosberg J., Meyer T., Moss S.F., Washington K., Wolin E., Liu E., Goldenring J. Consensus on biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumour disease. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16 (9): e435–e446.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah D., Lamarca A., Valle J.W., McNamara M.G. The Potential Role of Liquid Biopsies in Advancing the Under-standing of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. J Clin Med. 2021; 10 (3): 403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah D., Lamarca A., Valle J.W., McNamara M.G. The Potential Role of Liquid Biopsies in Advancing the Understanding of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. J Clin Med. 2021; 10 (3): 403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lysanyuk M.V., Romashchenko P.N., Majstrenko N.A. Osobennosti diagnostiki i hirurgicheskogo lecheniya bol'nyh nejroendokrinnymi opuholya-mi tonkoj kishki. Tavricheskij mediko-biologicheskij vestnik 2020; 23 (2): 100–109 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лысанюк М.В., Ромащенко П.Н., Майстренко Н.А. Особенности диагностики и хирургического лечения больных нейроэндокринными опухолями тонкой кишки. Таврический медико-биологический вестник 2020; 23 (2): 100–109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Majstrenko N.A., Romashchenko P.N., Lysanyuk M.V. Sovremennye tekh-nologii v diagnostike i lechenii nejroendokrinnyh opuholej podzheludochnoj zhelezy. Vestnik hirurgii im. I.I. Grekova 2015; 174 (1): 26–33 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Майстренко Н.А., Ромащенко П.Н., Лысанюк М.В. Современные технологии в диагностике и лечении нейроэндокринных опухолей поджелудочной железы. Вестник хирургии им. И.И. Грекова 2015; 174 (1): 26–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee L., Ito T., Jensen R.T. Prog-nostic and predictive factors on overall survival and surgical outcomes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: recent advances and controversies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2019; 19 (12): 1029–1050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee L., Ito T., Jensen R.T. Prognostic and predictive factors on overall survival and surgical outcomes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: recent advances and controversies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2019; 19 (12): 1029–1050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lysanyuk M.V. Optimizaciya diagnostiki i lecheniya nejroendokrin-nyh opuholej zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta i podzheludochnoj zhelezy: avtoref. dis. … d-ra med. nauk. Saint Petersburg 2020; 47 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лысанюк М.В. Оптимизация диагностики и лечения нейроэндокринных опухолей желудочно-кишечного тракта и поджелудочной железы: автореф. дис. … д-ра мед. наук. СПб. 2020; 47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
