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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">119923</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj40246-55</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Historical review of development of indirect methods of myocardial revascularization</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исторический обзор развития непрямых методов реваскуляризации миокарда</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaporozhan</surname><given-names>Nikolay M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запорожан</surname><given-names>Николай Максимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5-year student, Medical Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>cтудент IV курса лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>nikolas.flay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapegina</surname><given-names>Faina Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапегина</surname><given-names>Фаина Захаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Normal, Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, Operative Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры нормальной, топографической и клинической анатомии, оперативной хирургии</p></bio><email>sapegina_fz@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karasov</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карасов</surname><given-names>Илья Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>resident, Department of Surgery with Course of Cardiovascular Surgery and Invasive Cardiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры хирургии с курсом сердечно-сосудистой хирургии и инвазивной кардиологии</p></bio><email>imyarek.yozhin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный медицинский университет им. академика Е.А. Вагнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-24"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/119923">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/119923</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a historical review. For several decades, the diseases of the circulatory system have remained one of the most pressing problems of mankind. However, in the recent years there has been a tendency to decrease in mortality from cardiovascular pathologies including coronary heart disease. At the dawn of the study of coronary artery disease, the problem of surgical treatment of coronary artery pathology looked practically unsolvable: there was no knowledge of pathophysiology, no microsurgical instruments, and artificial circulation apparatus. Among other things, the stereotype of the "inviolability" of the heart muscle firmly entrenched in the minds of operating surgeons. A safe operation on a human heart was only a dream and the object of ridicule among most surgeons of the XIX – early XX centuries. The article describes the history of the study of angina pectoris and indirect methods of myocardial revascularization. The first operations were aimed at eliminating pain syndrome and inducing angiogenesis, creating neocollaterals from blood vessel-rich organs and tissues to improve regional myocardial perfusion. Exactly these surgical techniques have become a "bridge" from the tactics of exclusively conservative management of heart pathologies to modern cardiac surgery.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья носит исторический обзорный характер. В течение нескольких десятков лет заболевания системы кровообращения остаются одной из наиболее актуальных проблем человечества. Однако за последние годы отмечается тенденция к снижению смертности от сердечно-сосудистых патологий, в том числе и ишемической болезни сердца. На заре изучения ишемической болезни сердца проблема оперативного лечения патологии коронарных артерий выглядела практически нерешаемой: отсутствовали и знания патофизиологии, и микрохирургические инструменты, и аппарат искусственного кровообращения. Помимо всего прочего, в представлении оперирующих хирургов прочно укоренился стереотип о «неприкосновенности» сердечной мышцы. Безопасная операция на человеческом сердце была лишь мечтой и объектом насмешек большинства хирургов XIX – начала XX в. В статье изложена история изучения стенокардии и непрямых методов реваскуляризации миокарда. Первые операции были направлены на ликвидацию болевого синдрома и индукцию ангиогенеза, создания неоколлатералей от богатых кровеносными сосудами органов и тканей для улучшения регионарной перфузии миокарда. Именно эти оперативные техники стали «мостом» от тактики исключительно консервативного ведения патологий сердца к современной кардиохирургии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>revascularization</kwd><kwd>indirect methods of myocardial revascularization</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>реваскуляризация</kwd><kwd>непрямые методы реваскуляризации миокарда</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalnova S.A., Oganov R.G., Stag F.G., Ford J. Ischemic heart disease. Modern reality according to the world register CLARIFY. Moscow. 2013, available at: https://medi.ru/ info/10941/. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шальнова С.А., Оганов Р.Г., Стэг Ф.Г., Форд Й. 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