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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">530667</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj40310-19</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Implantation microenvironment in chronic endometritis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микросреда имплантации при хроническом эндометрите</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-3967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polina</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полина</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Сandidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Course of Perinatology,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>polina.ml@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-0212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vityazeva</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Витязева</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Assisted Reproductive Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделением вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий</p></bio><email>polina.ml@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5882-9995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ordiyants</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ордиянц</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Course of Perinatology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>polina.ml@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7236-9486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Сandidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Course of Perinatology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>polina.ml@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelenina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеленина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of the Gynecological Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач гинекологического отделения</p></bio><email>polina.ml@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии факультета постдипломного обучения врачей</p></bio><email>polina.ml@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Douglas</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дуглас</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Postgraduation Training</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии факультета последипломного обучения врачей</p></bio><email>polina.ml@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский институт Российского университета дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница имени Ф.И. Иноземцева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский институт Северо-Восточного федерального университета &#13;
имени М.К. Аммосова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-06"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-06"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Polina M.L., Vityazeva I.I., Ordiyants I.M., Lebedeva M.G., Shelenina L.A., Zakharova P.N., Douglas N.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Полина М.Л., Витязева И.И., Ордиянц И.М., Лебедева М.Г., Шеленина Л.А., Захарова П.Н., Дуглас Н.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polina M.L., Vityazeva I.I., Ordiyants I.M., Lebedeva M.G., Shelenina L.A., Zakharova P.N., Douglas N.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полина М.Л., Витязева И.И., Ордиянц И.М., Лебедева М.Г., Шеленина Л.А., Захарова П.Н., Дуглас Н.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/530667">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/530667</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective. </bold>To study the immune patterns of the endometrium in women with infertility of uterine genesis in the phase of "implantation window".</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>Forty-two infertile women of reproductive age were prospectively examined. At the first stage, the contingent of women was divided into groups in accordance with the causes of infertility diagnosed before the current treatment: with chronic endometritis (CE) (<italic>n </italic>= 10); with tubal peritoneal infertility (TPI) (<italic>n </italic>= 32). A comprehensive examination of women included sonography of pelvic organs, hysteroscopy, examination of endometrial material in the period of the "implantation window" (morphological, immunohistochemical, real time (RT) PCR study,). The resulting for distinguishing molecular phenotypes of chronic inflammation (<italic>n </italic>= 30) and "normal" endometrium (<italic>n </italic>= 12) were the data of immunohistochemical studies of the immune profile (in the glandular epithelium and stromal cells (TNF-α, IL-10, NRF2, GM-CSF and CXCL16), in the glandular epithelium – BCA1, in the stroma – TGF-β) compared with the indicators of healthy fertile women (control group, <italic>n </italic>= 10).</p> <p>CE was verified based on pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies (CD 138+).</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Structural features of the endometrium in women with CE in the phase of the "implantation window" corresponded to the average stage of secretion in 36.4 %; variants of "out-of-phase" were identified in 63.6 % (late stage of the proliferation phase (16.7 %), dissociated development (13.3 %), early stage of the secretion phase (43.3 %)).</p> <p>Molecular characteristics of the immunologically tolerant endometrium, favorable for implantation, are determined by the balanced production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and chemokines.</p> <p>Aggressive "microenvironment" in the endometrium of women with the phenotype of chronic inflammation was determined by the dominant of proinflammatory cytokines of the Th1/Th17 profile (an increase in comparison with the control of the expression level of <italic>TNF-</italic><italic>α</italic> and <italic>GM-CSF</italic> – by 1.1 times and 1.2 times, in the glandular epithelium of chemokines CXCL16 and BCA1 – by 1.2 times, CXCL16 in the stroma – in 1.2 times) on the background of reduced production of protective factors (TGF-β (1 point), IL-10 (in the glandular epithelium – by 2 times, in the stroma – by 1.8 times), NRF2.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Different molecular characteristics of the endometrium in women with TPI and CE determine the heterogeneity of potencies for blastocyst implantation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель</bold><bold>. </bold>Изучить иммунные профили эндометрия женщин с бесплодием маточного генеза в фазу «имплантационного окна».</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Выполнено проспективное обследование 42 бесплодных женщин репродуктивного возраста: с хроническим эндометритом (ХЭ) (<italic>n</italic> = 10) и с трубно-перитонеальным (ТПБ) (<italic>n</italic> = 32), включающее сонографию органов малого таза, гистероскопию, исследование образцов эндометрия в период «имплантационного окна» (морфологическое, иммуногистохимическое (ИГХ)). Результирующими для выделения молекулярных фенотипов хронического воспаления (<italic>n</italic> = 30) и «нормального» эндометрия (<italic>n</italic> = 12) стали данные ИГХ-исследования (в железистом эпителии и строме (TNF-α, IL-10, NRF2, GM-CSF и CXCL16), в железистом эпителии – ВСА1, в строме – TGF-β). В группу с «нормальным» фенотипом эндометрия также вошли женщины контрольной группы (<italic>n</italic> = 10), всего <italic>n</italic> = 20.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Структурные особенности эндометрия женщин с ХЭ в фазу «имплантационного окна» соответствовали средней стадии фазы секреции в 36,4 %; варианты «несинфазного» функционирования выявлены у 63,6 %. Агрессивную «микросреду» в эндометрии женщин с фенотипом хронического воспаления определяла доминанта провоспалительных цитокинов профиля Th1/Th17 (возрастание в сравнении с контролем уровня экспрессии TNF-α и GM-CSF – в 1,1 и в 1,2 раза соответственно, в железистом эпителии – хемокинов СXCL16 и BCA1 – в 1,2 раза, СXCL16 в строме – в 1,2 раза) на фоне сниженной продукции защитных факторов (TGF-β (1 балл), IL-10 (в железистом эпителии – в 2 раза, в строме – в 1,8 раз), NRF2).</p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Различные иммунные характеристики эндометрия женщин с ТПБ и ХЭ определяют неоднородность потенций для имплантации бластоцисты.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Endometrial immune profile</kwd><kwd>period of implantation window</kwd><kwd>molecular phenotype</kwd><kwd>phenotype of chronic inflammation</kwd><kwd>phenotype of normal endometrium</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иммунный профиль эндометрия</kwd><kwd>период имплантационного окна</kwd><kwd>молекулярный фенотип</kwd><kwd>фенотип хронического воспаления</kwd><kwd>фенотип нормального эндометрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Maurya V.K., DeMayo F.J., Lydon J.P. 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