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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">625859</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj41351-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Post-COVID-19 cognitive impairments (literature review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Постковидные когнитивные нарушения (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7549-1331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры неврологии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>NastunyaS@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-0005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры неврологии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>nastunyas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0566-3010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры неврологии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>nastunyas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-2060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karakulova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каракулова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой неврологии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>nastunyas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-7808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selyanina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селянина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры неврологии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>nastunyas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>41</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-21"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/625859">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/625859</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is a condition that occurs in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection 3 months after the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms that last at least 2 months and are not explained by any other diseases. PCC affects from 17 % to 28 % of patients and includes a wide range of clinical manifestations, including cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunctions can be manifested by a wide range of symptoms, such as memory impairment, attention deficit, executive dysfunction, and reduced information processing speed. Risk factors for developing PCC, with or without cognitive impairment, include late adulthood, pre-existing medical conditions, and severity of acute illness. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but suspected factors include neuroinflammation, hypoxia, vascular damage and latent reactivation of the virus, this does not exclude the possibility of direct viral central nervous system invasion. The analysis of retrospective cohort studies showed that the risk of cognitive deficits, dementia, psychotic disorders and seizures remained elevated even 2 years after the infection of SARS-CoV-2. It is interesting to note that there were no differences in the risks of neurological and psychiatric outcomes between infections caused by Omicron (B.1.1.529) or Delta (B.1.617.2) variants. Recent researches show that cognitive deficits after infection of SARS-CoV-2 persist for two years after the infection and were the greatest in individuals with more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection [2]. COVID-19 can impair the function of the interoceptive network of the brain selectively, while exteroceptive brain processing remains undamaged [3].</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучены последние данные литературы о постковидных когнитивных нарушениях. Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) – это состояние, которое возникает у пациентов с инфекцией SARS-CoV-2 в анамнезе через 3 месяца после начала COVID-19 с симптомами, длящимися не менее 2 месяцев и не объясняющимися никакими иными заболеваниями. PCC поражает от 17 до 28 % пациентов и включает в себя широкий спектр клинических проявлений, в том числе когнитивную дисфункцию. Когнитивные дисфункции могут проявляться в виде широкого спектра симптомов, включая ухудшение памяти, дефицит внимания, исполнительную дисфункцию и снижение скорости обработки информации. Факторы риска развития PCC, с когнитивными нарушениями или без них, включают пожилой возраст, ранее существовавшие заболевания и тяжесть острого заболевания. Лежащие в основе механизмы остаются неясными, но предполагаемые факторы включают нейровоспаление, гипоксию, повреждение сосудов и латентную реактивацию вируса, не исключая возможности прямой вирусной инвазии в центральную нервную систему.</p> <p>Анализ ретроспективных когортных исследований привел к выводу, что риск когнитивного дефицита, слабоумия, психотических расстройств и судорог оставался повышенным даже через 2 года после заражения SARS-CoV-2. Интересно также то, что не наблюдалось различий в рисках неврологических и психиатрических исходов между инфекциями, вызванными вариантами «Омикрон» (B.1.1.529) или «Дельта» (B.1.617.2). Последние исследования подводят к выводу, что когнитивный дефицит после заражения SARS-CoV-2 сохранялся через два года после заражения и был наибольшим у лиц с более тяжелой инфекцией SARS-CoV-2, а также показывают, что COVID-19 может избирательно нарушать функцию интероцептивной сети мозга, оставляя нетронутой экстероцептивную обработку мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Post-COVID-19 condition</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>post-COVID disorders</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>post-COVID-19 condition</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Möller M., Borg K., Janson C. et al. 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