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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">634446</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj42375-85</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hemorrhoids in pregnant and postpartum women: risk factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геморрой у беременных и родильниц: факторы риска</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-2749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanovskaya</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романовская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Medicine, the Director of the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chief External Gynecology Consultant to the Ministry of Health of the Saratov Region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии лечебного факультета, директор клиники акушерства и гинекологии, главный внештатный гинеколог Министерства здравоохранения Саратовской области</p></bio><email>maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-4786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parshin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паршин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arzhaeva</surname><given-names>I. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аржаева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karagyozyan</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карагёзян</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-20"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/634446">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/634446</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective. </bold>To investigate the main risk factors and symptoms of hemorrhoids in maternity patients in the postpartum department of the PC of the Saratov region for the period from 2021 to 2022 by means of anonymous questionnaire.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to receipt of progesterone therapy during the last pregnancy: In Group I, pregnant and postpartum women did not receive hormonal therapy (n=114). Group II included pregnant and postpartum women who received progesterone during their pregnancy for not more than 1 trimester (n=64). Group III consisted of pregnant and postpartum women whose pregnancy resulted from IVF. They received progesterone therapy for 2 or more trimesters (n=36).</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The study revealed that hemorrhoid symptoms were statistically more frequent in the women from group III, who had received progesterone hormone therapy for more than 2 trimesters. The most significant risk factors for the development of hemorrhoids in pregnant and postpartum women were: natural delivery: the number of births 3 and more; prolonged gestagens intake; tendency to constipation; positive family history of hemorrhoidal and varicose diseases.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Unfortunately, hemorrhoids in pregnant and postpartum women is still an urgent problem of interdisciplinary control of proctologic complaints in pregnant and postpartum women. Most physicians do not give recommendations on the present symptomatology in women.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель. </bold>Изучение основных факторов риска и симптомов геморроя у родильниц в послеродовом отделении перинатального центра Саратовской области за период 2021–2022 гг. путем анонимного анкетирования.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Пациентки были распределены на три группы по признаку получения терапии прогестероном в течение последней беременности. В I группе беременные и родильницы не получали гормональную терапию (<italic>n</italic> = 114). Во II группу были отнесены беременные и родильницы, получавшие во время беременности прогестерон на протяжении не более одного триместра (<italic>n</italic> = 64). В III группу включены беременные и родильницы, беременность которых наступила в результате ЭКО. Они получали терапию прогестероном в течение двух триместров и более (<italic>n</italic> = 36).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>На основании проведенного исследования, выявлено, что симптомы геморроя статистически чаще встречались у родильниц III группы, которые длительно получали гормональную терапию прогестероном – более двух триместров. Наиболее значимыми факторами риска развития геморроя у беременных и родильниц были: естественное родоразрешение; количество родов – три и более; длительный прием гестагенов; склонность к запорам; наследственность, отягощенная по геморроидальной и варикозной болезни.</p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>К сожалению, проблема геморроя у беременных и родильниц все еще остается актуальной, равно как и проблема междисциплинарного контроля проктологических жалоб у беременных и родильниц. Большинство врачей не дает рекомендаций по имеющейся у женщин симптоматике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pregnant women</kwd><kwd>postpartum women</kwd><kwd>hemorrhoids</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>hemorrhoidal disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Беременные</kwd><kwd>родильницы</kwd><kwd>геморрой</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>геморроидальная болезнь</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Howell E.A. Lack of patient preparation for the postpartum period and patients’ satisfaction with their obstetric clinicians. Obstet. Gynecol. 2010; 115 (2,1): 284–289.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Shin G.H., Toto E.L., Schey R. Pregnancy and postpartum bowel changes: Constipation and fecal incontinence. 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