Perm Medical JournalPerm Medical JournalПермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")0136-14492687-1408Eco-Vector65665810.17816/pmj42455-63Review of literatureОбзор литературыReview ArticleAnalysis of the causes of lethal outcome in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virusАнализ причин летальности пациентов, инфицированных вирусом иммунодефицита человекаhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-2157-8361TukhashevaF. Ya.ТухашеваФ. Я.
Russian Federation

6th-year Student of the Faculty of Medicine

студентка VI курса лечебного факультета

o.goryacheva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-9105-481XMarkovaA. V.МарковаА. В.
Russian Federation

6th-year Student of the Faculty of Medicine

студентка VI курса лечебного факультета

o.goryacheva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-3116ZhelobovV. G.ЖелобовВ. Г.
Russian Federation

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой поликлинической терапии

zhelobov.v@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-229XGoryachevaO. G.ГорячеваО. Г.
Russian Federation

PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy

кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии

o.goryacheva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-8837-9376MalelinE. G.МалелинЕ. Г.
Russian Federation

6th-year Student of the Faculty of Medicine

студент VI курса лечебного факультета

o.goryacheva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-7259-9759MekhonoshinK. D.МехоношинК. Д.
Russian Federation

6th-year Student of the Faculty of Medicine

студент VI курса лечебного факультета

o.goryacheva@mail.ruYe. A. Vagner Perm State Medical UniversityПермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера11092025424556318022025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/656658

Over 37 million HIV-infected people live in the world and many of them die due to the progression and decompensation of somatic diseases. The aim of the study is to determine the rating of fatal outcomes causes of HIV-infected patients according to the data of the authors from different countries of the world.

Data from 287 full-text articles were analyzed, from which 32 sources most relevant to the purpose of the study were selected. The leading causes of death in HIV-infected patients were infectious complications and opportunistic infections characteristic of the AIDS stage, along with concomitant tuberculosis infection (55.1 %). Cardiovascular diseases ranked second (20.6 %), followed by cancer (14.6 %), liver diseases, including alcoholic and viral hepatitis and cirrhosis (8.5 %), and only 1.1% are accounted for by all other diseases. Mortality from infective endocarditis, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, acute cerebrovascular event, pulmonary embolism and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure together account for 82.5 % of all cardiovascular causes of mortality.

Monitoring of patients with HIV infection should be comprehensive, involving infectious disease specialists, therapeutic and cardiology services, with increased cancer vigilance. The challenges of HIV infection concerning early development of cardiovascular pathology and elevated mortality from cardiovascular diseases should not be ignored.

Более 37 млн ВИЧ-инфицированных проживает в мире, и многие из них заканчивают свою жизнь вследствие развития и декомпенсации соматических заболеваний. Проанализированы данные 287 полнотекстовых статей, из которых выбраны 32 источника, наиболее соответствующих цели исследования: определить рейтинг причин летальных исходов ВИЧ-инфицированных больных по данным авторов разных стран мира. Среди причин летального исхода ВИЧ-инфицированных лидируют инфекционные осложнения и оппортунистические инфекции, присущие для стадии СПИД, а также присоединившаяся туберкулезная инфекция (55,1 %). На втором месте оказались сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (20,6 %), на третьем – онкологические заболевания (14,6 %), далее следуют заболевания печени, в том числе алкогольные и вирусные гепатиты и циррозы (8,5 %), и только 1,1 % занимают все другие заболевания. Смерть от инфекционного эндокардита, инфаркта миокарда, внезапной сердечной смерти, острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения, тромбоэмболии легочной артерии и острой декомпенсации хронической сердечной недостаточности в совокупности составляют 82,5 % всех сердечно-сосудистых причин летальности.

Наблюдение больных с ВИЧ-инфекцией должно проводиться комплексно с привлечением инфекционистов, терапевтической и кардиологической службы, с проявлением повышенной онконастороженности. Нельзя игнорировать вызовы ВИЧ-инфекции в аспекте раннего развития сердечно-сосудистой патологии и высокого риска смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

HIVmortalitycause of deathsudden cardiac deathmyocardial infarctioninfective endocarditischronic heart failureВИЧсмертностьпричина смертивнезапная сердечная смертьинфаркт миокардаинфекционный эндокардитхроническая сердечная недостаточность

Over 37 million HIV-infected people live in the world and many of them die due to the progression and decompensation of somatic diseases. The aim of the study is to determine the rating of fatal outcomes causes of HIV-infected patients according to the data of the authors from different countries of the world.

Data from 287 full-text articles were analyzed, from which 32 sources most relevant to the purpose of the study were selected. The leading causes of death in HIV-infected patients were infectious complications and opportunistic infections characteristic of the AIDS stage, along with concomitant tuberculosis infection (55.1 %). Cardiovascular diseases ranked second (20.6 %), followed by cancer (14.6 %), liver diseases, including alcoholic and viral hepatitis and cirrhosis (8.5 %), and only 1.1% are accounted for by all other diseases. Mortality from infective endocarditis, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, acute cerebrovascular event, pulmonary embolism and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure together account for 82.5 % of all cardiovascular causes of mortality.

Monitoring of patients with HIV infection should be comprehensive, involving infectious disease specialists, therapeutic and cardiology services, with increased cancer vigilance. The challenges of HIV infection concerning early development of cardiovascular pathology and elevated mortality from cardiovascular diseases should not be ignored.

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