Perm Medical JournalPerm Medical JournalПермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")0136-14492687-1408Eco-Vector67686710.17816/pmj42464-77Literature reviewОбзор литературыReview ArticleThe role of nutrition in the formation of hearing disorders: literature reviewРоль питания в формировании нарушений слуха: обзор литературыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-0099SpirinV. F.СпиринВ. Ф.
Russian Federation

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Occupational Medicine and General Pathology

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом медицины труда и общей патологии

bezrukovagala@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-6254-3506BezrukovaG. A.БезруковаГ. А.
Russian Federation

DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Occupational Medicine and General Pathology

доктор медицинских наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник отдела медицины труда и общей патологии

bezrukovagala@yandex.ruSaratov Medical Research Center for Hygiene of Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesСаратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены Федерального научного центра медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населенияSaratov State Medical University named after V.I. RazumovskyСаратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского11092025424647705032025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/676867

The article briefly highlights the main pathogenetic aspects of the indirect effect of macro– and micronutrients on the functional state of the hearing organ. It has been shown that the nature of nutrition can have a dual effect on hearing loss (HL). Thus, foods with a high glycemic index and elevated cholesterol, trans fats, and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels statistically significantly correlated with a higher risk of developing age-related and/or occupational HL. While balanced diets which include plant-derived fiber (whole grain products, legumes, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, etc.) and natural omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fatty fish, seafood), as well as intake of antioxidant vitamins (A, E, C) and a number of B vitamins (folic acid, cobalamin) in their deficiency or insufficiency, increase hearing acuity and statistically significantly reduce the risk of hearing impairment due to presbycusis, exposure to noise or ototoxic agents.

The analysis of contemporary scientific literature indicates the significant potential of a healthy diet in the prevention and possible restoration of cochlear dysfunction when no irreversible changes are present. The latter requires additional large-scale longitudinal studies and an in-depth study of the relationship of HL with nutrient intake and dose-dependent effects of vitamins for the scientific justification of therapeutic and preventive dietary programs.

Кратко освещены основные патогенетические аспекты опосредованного действия макро- и микронутриентов на функциональное состояние органа слуха. Показано, что характер питания способен оказывать двойственное влияние на потерю слуха (ПС). Так, продукты с высоким гликемическим индексом и повышенным содержанием холестерина, трансжиров и полинасыщенных жирных кислот статистически значимо коррелируют с более высоким риском развития возрастной и/или профессиональной ПС. Сбалансированные диеты, включающие клетчатку растительного происхождения (цельнозерновые продукты, бобовые, овощи, фрукты, грибы и пр.) и натуральные омега-3-полинена сыщенные жирные кислоты (жирная рыба, морепродукты), а также прием витаминов-антиоксидантов (А, Е, С) и ряда витаминов группы В (фолиевая кислота, кобаламин) при их дефиците или недостаточности, повышают остроту слуха и статистически значимо снижают риск его нарушений, обусловленный пресбиакузисом, воздействием шума или ототоксических агентов. Проведенный анализ современной научной литературы свидетельствует о высоком потенциале здорового питания в профилактике и возможном восстановлении кохлеарной дисфункции при отсутствии необратимых изменений. Последнее требует дополнительных крупномасштабных лонгитюдных исследований и углубленного изучения связи ПС с потреблением нутриентов и дозозависимыми эффектами витаминов для научного обоснования лечебно-оздоровительных и профилактических диетических программ.

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