<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj424105-114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of survival rates in patients with renal cell carcinoma and level i-ii tumor thrombus of the renal vein and inferior vena cava undergoing open versus laparoscopic surgical treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ показателей выживаемости пациентов с почечно-клеточный раком и опухолевым тромбозом почечной и нижней полой вены I–II уровня, подвергшихся хирургическому лечению открытым и лапароскопическим доступом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8365-7672</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5892-4003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzabekov</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирзабеков</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of the Department of Radiology, Surgery and Oncology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры радиологии, хирургии и онкологии</p></bio><email>Musabek.mirzabekoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-7999</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4743-9236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkolnik</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Школьник</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Radiology, Surgery and Oncology, Chief Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры радиологии, хирургии и онкологии, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>Musabek.mirzabekoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5860-9076</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6554-4775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Radiology, Surgery and Oncology, Chief Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, доцент кафедры радиологии, хирургии и онкологии</p></bio><email>Musabek.mirzabekoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7894-4779</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3515-5231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhacheva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухачева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Pedagogy), Associate Professor of the Department of Physics and IT</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры физики и информатики</p></bio><email>Musabek.mirzabekoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-277X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4983-2377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonsky</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонский</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer of the Department of Physics and IT</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель кафедры физики и информатики</p></bio><email>Musabek.mirzabekoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-21"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/685451">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/685451</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective</bold><bold>.</bold> To compare recurrence-free survival and long-term oncological outcomes in patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and level I–II tumor thrombus<bold> </bold>of the renal vein and inferior vena cava undergoing laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy with thrombectomy.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Materials</bold><bold> and Methods.</bold> 100 patients with histologically confirmed RCC and level I–II tumor thrombus of the renal vein and inferior vena cava (according to Mayo classification) treated at the A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies from 2007 to 2024 were included into this retrospective study. Fifty patients underwent open surgery and in fifty patients laparoscopic procedures were performed, with stratification based on clinical and morphological parameters. Progression-free survival served as the primary endpoint. Kaplan – Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess prognostic factors.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>.</bold> Mean progression-free survival was 58.9±4 months in the open surgery group versus 59.1 ± 4 months in the laparoscopic group; the differences were not statistically significant (c<sup>2</sup>=0.2916; <italic>p</italic>=0.5892; HR=0.84; 95% CI: 0.43–1.61). Lymph node metastasis (N1) was associated with significantly worse survival (HR=24.80; <italic>p</italic>&lt;0.0001). Advanced thrombus (level II) was an independent negative prognostic factor (HR=7.79; <italic>p</italic>&lt;0.0001).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions</bold><bold>.</bold> Laparoscopic nephrectomy with thrombectomy for RCC patients with level 0-II venous tumor thrombus demonstrated oncological outcomes comparabl to open surgery and may be considered an acceptable alternative when adhering to oncological principles. Lymph node involvement and thrombus extent remain key prognostic factors affecting recurrence-free survival.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель.</bold> Сравнительная оценка безрецидивной выживаемости и отдаленных онкологических результатов у пациентов с почечно-клеточным раком (ПКР) и опухолевым тромбозом почечной и нижней полой вены I–II уровней, перенесших нефрэктомию с тромбэктомией лапароскопическим и лапаротомным доступами.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективное исследование включены 100 пациентов с морфологически верифицированным ПКР и тромбозом почечной или нижней полой вены I–II уровней (по классификации Mayo), прооперированные в РНЦРХТ им. акад. А.М. Гранова в 2007–2024 гг. 50 пациентов перенесли операцию лапаротомным доступом, 50 – лапароскопическим, стратификация проводилась по клинико-анамнестическим и морфологическим параметрам. В качестве основной конечной точки использовалось время до прогрессирования заболевания. Применялись методы Каплана – Мейера и регрессия пропорциональных рисков Кокса для оценки факторов прогноза.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Среднее время до прогрессирования составило 58,9 ± 4 месяца в лапаротомной группе и 59,1 ± 4 месяца в лапароскопической; различия не достигли статистической значимости (c<sup>2</sup> = 0,2916; <italic>p</italic> = 0,5892; HR = 0,84; 95 % ДИ: 0,43–1,61). Метастатическое поражение лимфатических узлов (N1) ассоциировалось с выраженным снижением выживаемости (HR = 24,80; <italic>p </italic>&lt; 0,0001). Выраженный тромбоз (уровень II) также был независимым негативным фактором (HR = 7,79; <italic>p </italic>&lt; 0,0001).<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Лапароскопический доступ при нефрэктомии с тромбэктомией у пациентов с ПКР и венозным тромбозом 0–II уровней показал сопоставимую онкологическую эффективность с лапаротомией. Он может рассматриваться как допустимая альтернатива при соблюдении онкологических стандартов. Ключевыми прогностическими факторами, влияющими на безрецидивную выживаемость, остаются наличие метастазов в лимфоузлах и степень опухолевого тромбоза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>tumor thrombus</kwd><kwd>nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>laparoscopy</kwd><kwd>laparotomy</kwd><kwd>surgical approach</kwd><kwd>venous invasion</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>urologic oncology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>опухолевый тромбоз</kwd><kwd>нефрэктомия</kwd><kwd>лапароскопия</kwd><kwd>лапаротомия</kwd><kwd>хирургический доступ</kwd><kwd>венозная инвазия</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>онкоурология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Трушкин Р.Н., Исаев Т.К., Соколов А.А. Особенности этиологии, патогенеза и эпидемиологии почечно-клеточного рака трансплантированной почки. Вестник трансплан¬тологии и искусственных органов 2024; 26 (4): 61–68. / Trushkin R.N., Isaev T.K., Sokolov A.A. Features of the etiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma in kidney transplant recipients. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 2024; 26 (4): 61–68. DOI: 10.15825/1995-1191-2024-4-61-68 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bray F., Laversanne M., Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024; 74 (3): 229–263. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21834</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Заридзе Д.Г., Мукерия А.Ф., Шаньгина О.В. Факторы риска почечно-клеточного рака. Сибирский онкологический журнал 2018; 17 (5): 77–86. DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2018-17-5-77-86 / Zaridze D.G., Mukeriya A.F., Shangina O.V. Risk factors of renal cell carcinoma. Siberian Journal of Oncology 2018; 17 (5): 77–86. DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2018-17-5-77-86 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Choueiri T.K., Halabi J.B., Atkins R.M. et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy in renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021; 385 (8): 683–694. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2106391</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Capitanio U., Montorsi P. Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2019; 75 (1): 74–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.08.036</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Ljungberg B., Albiges L., Abu-Ghanem Y. et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2022 update. Eur Urol. 2022; 82 (4): 399–410. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.07.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Saad A.M., Gad M.M., Al-Husseini M.J. et al. Trends in renal cancer incidence and mortality in the United States: a SEER-based analysis, 1975–2015. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17 (1): e36–e48. DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.09.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Linehan W.M., Ricketts C.J. The metabolic basis of kidney cancer: genetics, pathogenesis and targets. Nat Rev Urol. 2020; 17: 255–272. DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0282-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Атдуев В.А., Амоев З.В., Данилов А.А. и др. Хирургическое лечение рака почки с протяженными тромбами нижней полой вены: осложнения и отдаленные результаты. Онкоурология 2017; 1: 37–44. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2017-13-1-37-44 / Atduev V.A., Amoev Z.V., Danilov A.A. et al. Surgical treatment of renal cancer with extended thrombi of the inferior vena cava: complications and long-term results. Onkourologiya 2017; 1: 37–44. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2017-13-1-37-44 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Давыдов М.И., Матвеев В.Б., Волкова М.И. и др. Факторы прогноза непосредственных результатов тромбэктомии у больных раком почки с опухолевым венозным тромбозом. Онкоурология 2014; 3: 31–39. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2014-10-3-31-39 / Davy¬dov M.I., Matveev V.B., Volkova M.I. et al. Prognostic factors of early results of thrombectomy in patients with renal cancer and venous tumor thrombosis. Onkourologiya 2014; 3: 31–39. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2014-10-3-31-39 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Chatzkel J., Sharma A., Moreira K.S., et al. Approaches to treating high risk and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC): key trial data that impacts treatment decisions in the clinic. Res Rep Urol. 2024; 161–176. DOI: 10.2147/RRU.S410890</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Powles T., Plimack E.R., Soulieres D., et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sunitinib in untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma: IMmotion151 study. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21 (10): 1386–1399. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30437-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Гаас М.Я., Каприн А.Д., Костин А.А., и др. Хирургическое лечение пациентов с местным рецидивом рака почки. Прогностические факторы выживаемости. Онкология. Журнал им. П.А. Герцена 2025; 14 (3): 20–24. DOI: 10.17116/onkolog20251403120 / Gaas M.Ya., Kaprin A.D., Kostin A.A., et al. Surgical management of patients with local recurrence of renal cancer. Prognostic factors of survival. P.A. Herzen Journal of Oncology 2025; 14 (3): 20–24. DOI: 10.17116/onkolog20251403120 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Bartell S.M., Vieira V.M. Critical review on PFOA, kidney cancer, and testicular cancer. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2021; 71 (6): 663–679. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1887272</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Bukavina L., Chapman J.L., George B.J. et al. Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma: 2022 update. Eur Urol. 2022; 82 (5): 529–542. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.06.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Motzer R.J., Rini B.I., McDermott D.F. et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1277–1290. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1712126</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Bex A., Albiges L., Ljungberg B. et al. Updated European Association of Urology guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: immune-based therapies for metastatic RCC. Eur Urol. 2023; 83 (3): 242–254. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.11.022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Chandrasekar T., Klaassen B., Wallis M. et al. Collaborative review: factors influencing treatment decisions for patients with a localized solid renal mass. Eur Urol. 2021; 80 (5): 575–588. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Di Franco G., Palmeri M., Sbrana A., Gianardi D., Furbetta N., Guadagni S., Bianchini M., Stefanini G., Adamo G., Pollina L.E. et al. Renal cell carcinoma: the role of radical surgery on different patterns of local or distant recurrence. Surg Oncol. 2020; 35: 106–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2020.08.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Psutka S.P., Heidenreich M., Boorjian S.A., Bailey G.C., Cheville J.C., Stewart-Merrill S.B., Thompson R.H. Renal fossa recurrence after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: prognostic features and oncological outcomes. BJU Int. 2017; 119 (1): 116–127. DOI: 10.1111/bju.13620</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
