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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685997</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj42558-65</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness and safety of combination antiretroviral therapy schemes for acute HIV infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность и безопасность схем комбинированной антиретровирусной терапии при острой ВИЧ-инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-9854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Э. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Department of Medical Care</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделом лечебной помощи</p></bio><email>okishev_mikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-9142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheludko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелудько</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Specialist of the Department of Research Activities</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, специалист управления по научно-исследовательской деятельности</p></bio><email>okishev_mikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5384-5910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobjeva</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>okishev_mikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-7145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Okishev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Окишев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>okishev_mikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>okishev_mikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-4900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sumlivaya</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сумливая</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>okishev_mikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-8104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semerikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семериков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Head of the Department of Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий эпидемиологическим отделом</p></bio><email>okishev_mikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2162-8111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teterin</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тетерин</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>okishev_mikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский краевой центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермская краевая клиническая инфекционная больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-27"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/685997">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/685997</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective</bold><bold>. </bold>To<bold> </bold>conduct a comparative study of efficacy and safety of treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) – phosphazide and tenofovir in patients with acute HIV infection.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic drugs phosphazide and tenofovir in combination antiretroviral therapy regimens for acute HIV infection was conducted for 48 weeks in Perm Regional Center for AIDS and Infectious Diseases in 2017-2019. A total of 28 patients, divided into 2 groups, were included into the study. All patients underwent early diagnosis of HIV infection using enzyme immunoassay, immunoblotting, detection of HIV DNA and RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); indicators of cellular immunity were determined – the level of CD4 + lymphocytes, assessment of clinical status before the start of the prescribed combination antiretroviral treatment and after 2, 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>. </bold>High virological, immunological, clinical efficacy and safety of the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens containing phosphazide or tenofovir in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz in the treatment of the acute stage of HIV infection have been demonstrated. These drugs can be recommended for use in the first-line therapy.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions</bold><bold>.</bold> The conducted study allows us to recommend the scheme of using phosphazide in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz for the first-line therapy in HIV-infected patients. Further optimization of antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection based on phosphazide involves creation of a combination of fixed doses with a frequency of use once a day for the treatment of HIV/AIDS as new dosage forms.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель.</bold> Сравнительное изучение эффективности и безопасности лечения нуклеозидными ингибиторами обратной транскриптазы (НИОТ) – фосфазид и тенофовир у пациентов с острой стадией ВИЧ-инфекции.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ГБУЗ ПК «ПКЦ СПИД и ИЗ» в 2017–2019 гг. было проведено сравнительное исследование с целью оценки эффективности и безопасности отечественных препаратов фосфазида и тенофовира в комбинированных схемах антиретровирусной терапии острой ВИЧ-инфекции в течение 48 недель. Всего в исследование было включено 28 пациентов, которые составили две группы. У всех больных проведена ранняя диагностика ВИЧ-инфекции с помощью иммуноферментного анализа, реакции иммунного блоттинга, определения ДНК и РНК ВИЧ методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР); определены показатели клеточного иммунитета – уровень CD4+лимфоцитов, оценка клинического статуса до начала назначенного комбинированного антиретровирусного лечения и через 2, 4, 12, 24, 36 и 48 недель.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Установлена высокая вирусологическая, иммунологическая, клиническая эффективность и безопасность применения схем антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ) с включением фосфазида или тенофовира в сочетании с ламивудином и эфавирензом в лечении острой стадии ВИЧ-инфекции. Данные препараты можно рекомендовать для использования в первой линии терапии.</p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Проведенное исследование дает возможность рекомендовать схему использования фосфазида в сочетании с ламивудином и эфавирензом для первой линии терапии ВИЧ-инфицированных больных. Дальнейшая оптимизация антиретровирусной терапии ВИЧ-инфекции на основе фосфазида предполагает создание новых лекарственных форм в виде комбинации фиксированных доз с частотой применения один раз в сутки для лечения ВИЧ-инфекции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute HIV infection</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>phosphazide</kwd><kwd>tenofovir</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острая ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>фосфазид</kwd><kwd>тенофовир</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravchenko A.V. Orlova-Morozova E.A. SHimonova T.E. Kozyrev O.A. Nagimova F. IA. Zakharova N.G. Ivanova E.S. Kuimova U.A. Efremova O.A. Sonin D.B. CHernova O.E. Tonkikh O.S. IAkovlev A.A. Kurina N.V. Pokrovskii V.V. Bychko V.V. Vostokova N.V. Zozulia O.V. 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