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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Perm Medical Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Perm Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пермский медицинский журнал (сетевое издание "Perm medical journal")</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0136-1449</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1408</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">704394</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/pmj4325-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pathogenetic features of sarcomatoid carcinoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Патогенетические особенности саркоматоидной карциномы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-4878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Freynd</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фрейнд</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc in Medicine, Professor, Head, Department of Pathological Anatomy with an Autopsy Course</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой патологической анатомии с секционным курсом</p></bio><email>gfreynd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chub</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуб</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Candidate, Department of Pathological Anatomy with an Autopsy Course</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель кафедры патологической анатомии с секционным курсом</p></bio><email>igortschub@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/704394">https://permmedjournal.ru/PMJ/article/view/704394</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a variant of carcinoma arising in various locations, the cells of which have acquired a mesenchymal phenotype. This feature of tumor progression contributes to more rapid invasion into surrounding tissues and early metastasis, leading to a poorer prognosis for patients with this type of tumor. Current information on sarcomatoid carcinoma is mainly presented in the form of individual case reports. This article summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying sarcomatoid carcinoma development, in particular the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as the histological, immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of sarcomatoid carcinoma. The article also addresses the tumor microenvironment and its role in the pathogenesis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor progression. The relationship between sarcomatoid carcinoma cells with cancer stem cells is considered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Саркоматоидная карцинома является вариантом рака различной локализации, клетки которого приобрели фенотип мезенхимальных. Это способствует более ранней и интенсивной инвазии опухоли в окружающие ткани и ускоренному метастазированию, что значительно ухудшает прогноз для пациентов с данной разновидностью опухоли. Современная информация о саркоматоидной карциноме в основном представлена в виде сообщений об отдельных клинических случаях<italic>.</italic> Данная статья обобщает актуальную информацию о механизмах развития саркоматоидной карциномы, в частности, о роли эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода в развитии этой опухоли, а также гистологических, иммуногистохимических и генетических особенностях саркоматоидной карциномы. Обсуждается также характер опухолевого микроокружения и его роль в патогенезе эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода и прогрессирования опухоли. Рассматривается вопрос о связи клеток саркоматоидной карциномы с раковыми стволовыми клетками.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Sarcomatoid carcinoma</kwd><kwd>histological classification</kwd><kwd>epithelial-mesenchymal transition</kwd><kwd>cancer stem cells</kwd><kwd>tumor microenvironment</kwd><kwd>oncogenic mutations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Саркоматоидная карцинома</kwd><kwd>гистологическая классификация</kwd><kwd>эпителиально-мезен-химальный переход</kwd><kwd>раковые стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>опухолевое микроокружение</kwd><kwd>онкогенные мутации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Xu Z., Wang L., Tu L. et al. Epidemiology of and prognostic factors for patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma: a large population-based study. 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