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No 3 (2024)
Articles
Assessment of the operability and causes of accidents of electric grid facilities in the north of the European part of Russia
Abstract
In this paper, the problems of the influence of climatic factors on the accident rate in the distribution networks of Russia are investigated. The review of existing research on this topic in Russia and abroad is carried out. Based on the annual reports of the company’s branches, a brief analysis of the impact of the key factors on accidents in various parts of the service of PJSC ROSSETI is presented. Based on the annual summary information on technological failures in the service area of PJSC Rosseti North-West and PJSC Rosseti Lenenergo and the archives of meteorological observations of Roshydromet, an analysis of the climatic causes of accidents in the Russian electric grid complex for the period 2018–2023 was carried out, the dependence between the observed wind speeds and the probability of disconnection at the facilities of the electric grid complex was revealed, an analysis of data of weather observations over the last 50 years is presented. Based on the simulation data of CMIP5 models, a forecast of changes in wind conditions and accidents in electrical networks in the study area was made.
3-21
Technological prospects for industrial energy supply based on wind and air turbine power plants with underground compressed air accumulators
Abstract
An analysis of energy supply technologies for consumers of megawatt power according to given schedules of consumption of electrical and thermal energy based on wind power plants and air turbine units with underground compressed air accumulators in the geological and climatic conditions of the Russian Arctic in the area of the Taimyr Peninsula is given and in the areas adjacent to it. An analysis of the wind energy potential in the studied region, as well as modern technologies for its industrial transformation and use, was carried out. The basics of the creation and use of underground storage facilities for the accumulation of compressed air and natural gas created in rock salt deposits are outlined, taking into account the climatic and geological conditions of the Russian Arctic. The physical foundations and technologies of pneumatic conversion and use of air as an energy carrier are considered. A conceptual scheme has been developed for converting the energy supply of the ports of Dudinka and Khatanga to “green” energy. Energy and economic assessments of the proposed method of energy production based on wind farms and air turbine units with underground compressed air accumulators were carried out.
22-45
Finding optimal modes of an electric power system with thermal power plants and hydroelectric power plants using the stepwise optimization method
Abstract
An approach to determining the best modes of an electric power system is presented in the work. This issue is proposed to be solved using the method of stepwise optimization. The features of modeling and optimization of heat sources included in electrical power systems are described. The problem of coordinated optimization of average monthly regimes of the calculation year is considered, including taking into account the features of hydroelectric power plants with reservoirs of long-term regulation when optimizing long-term operating regimes of electric power systems. Features of the stepwise optimization method are given. As an example of optimization of long-term modes of the electric power system, the electric power system of the Republic of Yakutia is considered.
46-63
Generating repair schedules for generating equipment based on planned reliability indicators of electric power systems
Abstract
The article discusses the problem of planning repairs of generating equipment during long-term planning of the operation of electric power systems. A mathematical model for the formation of repair schedules for power equipment is proposed, which takes into account two aspects: the current technical condition of power equipment and maximizing the planned reliability of electric power systems when carrying out repairs of power equipment. To solve problems based on a mathematical model for generating repair schedules for power equipment, a methodology for solving these problems is proposed. The final part of the article presents the results of applying the proposed methodology on a test circuit of the power system.
64-80
Development of method to calculate the distribution of the magnetic field, currents and losses in transposed bars of armature winding
Abstract
This paper describes a method to calculate the distribution of the magnetic field, currents and losses in the slot parts of electrical machines armature winding bars. The method is based on finite-element-analysis modelling of the AC magnetic field in 2D formulation with an associated electrical circuit using the ELCUT software suite. The method assumes ideal transposition of the strands along the length of the slot portion of the bar, and considers the features of the machine slot geometry and arrangement of the winding in the armature slots. The electrical circuit simulates the connection of the strands in the armature winding considering their positions along the bar length. A comparative analysis of the results obtained from the dedicated numerical studies allowed to evaluate the impact on the calculation results from different conditions such as the position of transposed strands along the length of the machine and the need to consider the presence of the simulated rotor. The analysis was carried out by comparing the power performances, i.e. the ohmic and stray losses and their ratio. This method could be recommended for calculating of the losses of transposed AC windings in the design and analysis of electrical machines.
81-95
Decay heat removal for LMFR under accidents
Abstract
Nuclear reactors of “Proryv” project are positioned as the basis for large scale nuclear energetics with inherent safety, which in particular means “eliminating accident at NPP that require evacuation let alone resettlement of population”, which includes cases of multiple malfunctions. The decay heat removal from the reactor core and prevention of the fuel pins overheating is one of first key questions of safety justification problem. On the base of parametric study using engineering thermal-hydraulics code it is shown how to advance efficiency of decay heat removal through modification of reactor upper plenum design.
96-109
On the effect of the specific heat release of a mixture of radionuclides on the relative mass transported in the “self-delivery” of spent nuclear fuel mode during space burial
Abstract
The issues of disposal of radioactive waste (RW) are currently one of the serious environmental challenges. One of the ways of disposal can be the space burial of radioactive waste, which reduces the pollution of the Earth. The paper considers the issues of transportation of radioactive waste, representing a mixture of isotopes of spent nuclear fuel (SNF), estimates of the mass-energy costs of SNF transportation using electric rocket engines (ERD). A variant is considered in which the transported mixture of SNF isotopes is both a payload and an energy source – “self-delivery”. The relations for calculating the relative mass of the transported SNF at various parameters are obtained.
110-124
Carbon regulation scenarios for Russian energy sector
Abstract
Обновленная Климатическая доктрина подтвердила намерение по достижению углеродной нейтральности российской экономики, сохранив неопределенность в выборе траектории ее достижения. Необходимых изменений в структуре технологий генерации и потребления энергии можно добиться с помощью различных инструментов углеродного регулирования, выбор которых определит темпы и стоимость низкоуглеродного перехода. Возникла насущная необходимость сопоставить эффективность различных мер углеродного регулирования для условий России. В частности, следует выбрать оптимальное сочетание мер, одновременно обеспечивающее целевое снижение выбросов парниковых газов и доступность энергии и топлива для потребителей. В статье сформулированы несколько сценариев углеродного регулирования, сочетающих административные, фискальные и(или) внутриэкономические меры и разработанных на основании сравнительного анализа мирового опыта, проведенных ранее исследований и существующих правовых заделов в области климатической политики. Обсуждены возможные способы описания отдельных мер в рамках системных технологических моделей (СТМ) для рассмотрения предложенных сценариев и их влияния на структуру энергетических технологий. Показано, что слабым местом и источником неопределенности в исследовании сценариев углеродного регулирования может стать прогноз влияния растущих климатических затрат в энергетике и топливно-энергетическом комплексе (ТЭК) на объем и структуру энергопотребления в отраслях экономики.
125-136
70th anniversary of Valery Alekseevich Stennikov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
137-138