Electrochemistry of azure c adsorbed on glassy carbon and screen-printed graphite electrode from reline and phosphate buffer

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Electrochemical activity of phenothiazine dye Azure C adsorbed by a single potential scanning from phosphate buffer and deep eutectic solvent (reline) at glassy carbon and screen-printed graphite electrodes was studied. The possibility to get a stable voltammetric signal was established. It remained constant after subsequent multiple scans of the potential. The Azure C adsorption from phosphate buffer led to multilayer coating formation with the electron exchange properties formally corresponding to adsorption-diffusion control of the limiting step. Super-Nernstian slope of the pH dependence of the equilibrium potential of adsorbed Azure C demonstrates significant contribution of various forms of adsorbed dye and multistep process nature. After the Azure C adsorption from reline, the morphology of voltammograms changed insignificantly. Less efficiency of adsorption results in the dye currents decay and in the adsorption control of the limiting step. Difference in the behavior of the Azure adsorbed from phosphate buffer and from the reline can be attributed to changes in the dye agglomeration and its hydration. Electrodes modified with the Azure C showed capacity of electrostatic accumulation of native and thermally denatured DNA, that suppressed the redox peaks of Azure C on voltammograms. The data obtained can find application in the further development of the phenothiazine dyes electropolymerization protocols and for the electrochemical sensors and biosensors development based on quantitative evaluation of the dye redox activity at the electrode.

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Sobre autores

А. Porfireva

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: Anna.Porfireva@kpfu.ru

Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Rússia, Kazan

T. Kulikova

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

Email: Anna.Porfireva@kpfu.ru

Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Rússia, Kazan

G. Evtugyn

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

Email: Gennady.Evtugyn@kpfu.ru

Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Rússia, Kazan

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2. Scheme 1.

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3. Scheme 2.

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4. Fig. 1. Cyclic voltammograms of 0.2 mM Azure C in 0.1 M FB, pH 7.0, in a monomer solution (1) and after transferring the GCE into a buffer solution containing no dye (2). Incubation time is 5 min, 0.1 V/s.

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5. Fig. 2. Cyclic voltammograms obtained on a GCE with adsorbed Azure C: (a) recording the entire pH range on one electrode, (b) plotting the dependence based on the results of single measurements on individual electrodes. pH dependence: (c) oxidation peak currents, (d) reduction peak currents of adsorbed Azure C. Black columns correspond to recording the entire pH dependence on one GCE, gray columns – to plotting the dependence based on single measurements on individual electrodes. CVA, 0.1 M FB, pH 2.0–9.0, potential scanning range –0.6 … 0.5 V, 0.1 V/s.

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6. Fig. 3. Cyclic voltammograms obtained on a GCE with Azure C adsorbed from PB during immobilization of native (a) and denatured (b) DNA at a concentration, mg/ml: 1 – 0, 2 – 0.25, 3 – 0.5 mg, 4 – 1.0. 0.1 M PB, pH 7.0, potential scanning range –0.6 … 0.5 V, 0.1 V/s.

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7. Fig. 4. Cyclic voltammograms of 0.1 M Azure C adsorbed on PGE from Relin before (1) and after (2) transfer of the electrode to 0.1 M FB, pH 7.0, 0.15 V/s. Incubation time is 5 min.

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8. Fig. 5. Cyclic voltammograms of 0.1 M Azur S solution in relin on PGE with sequential recording of 10 voltammograms. Arrows show the change in redox signals with an increase in the number of cycles.

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9. Fig. 6. (a) Cyclic voltammograms obtained on the PGE with varying pH. pH-dependence of (b) oxidation peak currents, (c) reduction peak currents of Azure C adsorbed from Reelin. CVA, 0.1 M FB, potential scanning range –0.8 … 0.4 V, 0.15 V/s. Average values ​​and measurement errors for five electrodes are shown.

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10. Fig. 7. Cyclic voltammograms obtained on PGE with Azure S adsorbed from Relin during immobilization of native (a) and denatured (b) DNA at a concentration, mg/ml: 1 – 0, 2 – 0.25, 3 – 0.5 mg, 4 – 1.0; 0.1 M FB, pH 7.0, potential scanning range –0.8 … 0.4 V, 0.15 V/s.

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Nota

The article was presented by a participant in the All-Russian Conference “Electrochemistry-2023”, held from October 23 to October 26, 2023 in Moscow at the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry named after A.N. Frumkin RAS.


Declaração de direitos autorais © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024