Chitosan-based composite materials – sorbents for the purification of liquid radioactive waste

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Abstract

The approaches to production of chitosan-containing composites designed to remove radionuclides from aqueous solutions were considered in this review. Methods for obtaining chitosan-based sorbents for the removal of metals, the main sources of radioactive contamination (U, Sr, Cs), are described. The efficiency of using a biopolymer for these purposes is significantly increased as a result of physical or chemical modification, as well as the introduction of inorganic fillers. From the sorbents which were considered, the cheapest and most effective Sr and Cs materials for sorption are highlighted and simplified schemes for their production are given. The main purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the most important properties of composites in combination with inorganic fillers and to show their advantages as sorbents in the purification of contaminated aqueous solutions.

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L. А. Zemskova

Institute of Chemistry, FEB RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: zemskova@ich.dvo.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9128-4851

Doctor of Sciences in Chemistry, Leading Researcher

Russian Federation, Vladivostok

A. М. Egorin

Institute of Chemistry, FEB RAS

Email: andrey.egorin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2599-2213

Candidate of Sciences in Chemistry, Senior Researcher

Russian Federation, Vladivostok

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2. Fig. 1. Distribution of radioactive elements mentioned in papers published between 2019 and 2024.

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3. Fig. 2. Scheme for obtaining chitosan sorbents containing iron oxides (a); holding the magnetic sorbent with a permanent magnet (b)

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4. Fig. 3. Scheme for obtaining composite sorbents based on zinc ferrocyanide (ZnFOC) and nickel ferrocyanide (NiFOC)

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5. Fig. 4. Stability of ferrocyanide sorbents under static conditions depending on the exposure time in a 3 M NaNO3 solution, pH 13; 1 – chitosan composite sorbent filled with nickel FOC, 2 – inorganic sorbent Termoksid-35, 3 – nickel FOC powder [42]

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