The Sugdzhar gold deposit system of the Amur gold-bearing province

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Abstract

The description of the Sugdzhar gold-scattering system (ZRS) of the ore-placer node of the same name in the North-Stanovoy metallogenic zone of the Amur province is given. The ZRS is confined to an intrusive dome uplift composed of gneisses and crystal shales of the Archean, partially overlain by volcanites of the Early Cretaceous and ruptured granitoid intrusions of the Middle-Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous age. It is shown that placers and manifestations of gold are concentrated in the exocontact zone of the Toksko-Sivakan intrusion of granodiorites and syenites of the Toksko-Sivakan complex of the Early Cretaceous. It has been established that the main typomorphic features of placer gold are the small size of gold pieces, low sample (727–829‰) and the presence of dendritic crystals. The sources of placer formation are manifestations of ore gold, represented by quartz veins and breccia zones cemented with quartz with free native gold of low (689–827‰) sample. Due to the small parameters of ore bodies and low gold contents, the known gold mineralization is not adequate for rich placers. It is assumed that there is an additional, previously unidentified source of placer formation located within the Toksko-Sivakan granitoid intrusion.

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About the authors

Vitaly A. Stepanov

Research Geotechnological Center, FEB RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: vitstepanov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7028-3662

Doctor of Sciences in Geology and Mineralogy, Chief Researcher, Professor

Russian Federation, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Anton V. Melnikov

Institute of Geology and Natural Management, FEB RAS

Email: melnikov_anton1972@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5193-2938

Candidate of Sciences in Geology and Mineralogy, Leading Researcher

Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk

References

  1. Petruk N.N., Belikova T.V., Derbeko I.M. Geologicheskaya karta Amurskoj oblasti. Masshtab 1:500 000. Blagoveshhensk: FGUGP “Amurgeologiya”; 2001. 236 s. (In Russ.).
  2. Neronskij G.I. Tipomorfizm zolota mestorozhdenij Priamur`ya. Blagoveshhensk: AmurNCz; 1998. 320 s. (In Russ.).
  3. Petrovskaya N.V. Samorodnoe zoloto. Moscow: Nauka; 1973. 347 s. (In Russ.).
  4. Stepanov V.A., Shishakova L.N. Kubakinskoe zoloto-serebryanoe mestorozhdenie. Vladivostok: Dal’nauka; 1994. 198 s. (In Russ.).
  5. Neronskij G.I., Dobraya V.T. Geoximicheskie osobennosti samorodnogo zolota iz rossy`pej Sugdzharskogo rajona. In: Geoximiya i metody` issledovaniya mineral’nogo sy`r`ya Dal’nego Vostoka. Vladivostok: DVNCz; 1975. S. 85–92. (In Russ.).
  6. Mel’nikov A.V., Stepanov V.A. Sugdzharskij rudno-rossy`pnoj uzel Priamurskoj zolotonosnoj provincii. Otechestvennaya Geologiya. 2017:(2):42–50. (In Russ.).
  7. Groves D.I., Santosh M. The giant Jiaodong gold province: the key to a unified model for orogenic gold deposits? Geoscience Frontiers. 2016;7:409–417.
  8. Li L., Santosh M., Li S.R. The “Jiaodong-type” gold deposits: Characteristics, origin and prospecting. Ore Geology Reviews. 2015;65:589–611.

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2. Fig. 1. Sugdzhar gold placer system. Geological structure, according to: [1]. Legend: 1 - alluvial pebbles, sands and clays of the Quaternary, 2 - sands with interlayers of siltstones, clays, lignites, pebbles of the undifferentiated Temninskaya and Belogorskaya suites of the Miocene-Neopleistocene, 3 - trachyrhyolites, trachyrhyodacites, trachydacites of the upper subformation of the Bomnak suite of the Lower Cretaceous, 4 - trachyandesites, andesites, basaltic andesites of the lower subformation of the Bomnak suite of the Lower Cretaceous, 5 - sandstones, conglomerates, gravelites of the Amagalas suite of the Lower Cretaceous, 6 - plagiogneisses with interlayers of crystalline schists and gneisses of the Marpalach suite of the Upper Archean, 7 - crystalline schists and gneisses of the Lower Archean undifferentiated, 8 - granodiorites, quartz syenites of the second phase of the Tok-Sivakan complex of the Lower Cretaceous, 9 - quartz monzonites, monzonites of the first phase of the Tok-Sivakan complex of the Lower Cretaceous, 10 - trachyrhyolites, rhyolites, rhyodacites of the Bomnak complex of the Lower Cretaceous, 11 - leucogranites, subalkaline granites of the Iraqan complex of the Lower Cretaceous, 12 - granodiorites, syenites of the second phase of the Tynda-Bakaran complex of the Middle-Upper Jurassic, 13 - quartz diorites, monzonites of the first phase of the Tynda-Bakaran complex of the Middle-Upper Jurassic, 14 - granites, granodiorites of the Taxakanda complex of the Upper Archean, 15 - plagiogranites, gneissic granites of the Drevnyaya Stanovoy complex of the Lower Archean, 16 - metamorphosed gabbros, gabbro-amphibolites of the Lower Archean, 17 – faults, 18 – occurrences (a) (1 – Mikhailo-Semenovskoye, 2 – Gargan, 3 – Nikolaevskoye, 4 – Bludnoye, 5 – Pokrovskoye, 6 – Sergeevskoye, 7 – Zvezdnoye, 8 – Finalnoye, 9 – Iraqan, 10 – Vesyoloye, 11 – Daryukcha, 12 – Sivakan) and gold mineralization points (b), 19 – gold placers, 20 – node boundary, 21 – highway, 22 – settlements, 23 – watercourses

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3. Fig. 2. Histogram of the sample of placer gold of the Sugdzhar system

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4. Fig. 3. Dendritic forms of native gold placers in the Sugdzhar and Gargan river basins [5]: A – druse-like intergrowth of gold crystals from the Antoninovsky Creek placer (Sugdzhar-3). Mag. 20; B – branch-shaped dendrites from the Antoninovsky Creek placer (Sugdzhar-3). Mag. 20; C – flat branch-shaped and leaf-shaped dendrites from the Gargan Creek placer. Mag. 15; G – braided gold dendrite from the Sugdzhar-2 River placer. Mag. 40

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5. Fig. 4. Gargan ore occurrence, after: [6]. Legend: 1 - modern alluvial deposits (sands, pebbles, sandy loams); 2 - Middle-Upper Quaternary deposits (sands, sandy loams with pebbles); 3 - amphibolites, less often crystalline schists of the Lower Archean; 4 - crystalline schists, interlayers and lenses of amphibolites, quartzites of the Lower Archean; 5 - dikes of quartz porphyry (a), diorite porphyrites (b) of the Early Cretaceous; 6 - leucocratic alaskite granites of the Late Archean; 7 - amphibole and biotite-amphibole gneissic granites of the Late Archean; 8 - amphibolized gabbro, gabbro-amphibolites of the Late Archean; 9 – pyroxenites, gabbro-pyroxenites, actinolite and tremolite-actinolite rocks of the Mesozoic; 10 – interlayers of garnet-pyroxene gneisses and quartzites of the Late Archean; 11 – diaphthorites and blastomylonites of the Late Archean; 12 – zones of shearing and diaphthoresis; 13 – brecciation zones; 14 – ejecta of quartz breccia and vein quartz; 15 – hydrothermal alterations of rocks (a – silicification, b – limonitization, c – pyritization, d – epidotization, d – carbonatization); 16 – faults; 17 – Gargan ore occurrence (a), points of gold mineralization (b); 18 – gold placers; 19 – watercourses

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