No 3 (2019)

Improving the management system based on the strategic directions of the regional agricultural sector spatial development in the production distribution area plays a huge role in the management and agricultural production modernization. In the proposed methodological and practical approaches specific recommendations are given on the implementation of program activities for the development of the digital economy and perspective areas based on sound methods and forms that contribute to the spatial development of production and the economy in the sub-industry and rural areas. One of the ways to improve the management system of regional agriculture in the production field should be a strategic approach associated with the transformation of the economic relations of regional authorities and local selfgovernments with the agricultural business subjects on the basis of information and electronic relationships, where digital technologies the using becomes the main factor of growth of agricultural production competitiveness development. The digitalization development should occur in state authorities, it is necessary to build effective management structures for regional agro-industrial complex in the information space. The effectiveness of management systems when locating production in the agro-industrial complex, as in any other industry, depends on the level of digital technologies mastering and the share of expenditures on the country's digital economy in GDP. The managing processes of the spatial development of the location of the regional agricultural production should be built on the basis of creating new strategy forms: vertically-oriented ways and methods of interaction between the government and the agrarian business. But at the same time one of the main directions of development of these relations should be the effective interaction of municipalities and economic management representatives with the use of the advantages of territorial and sectoral division. The application of the digital economy elements in the regional agro-industrial complex based on the priority of management in locating agricultural production and building interdependent relations of economic and state management will contribute to economic growth and social development of agricultural producers and rural areas directly interacting with them.

The transition to «intellectual» agriculture is the main vector of modernization of the agricultural sector of the economy. It is based on integrated automation and robotization of production, the use of automated decision-making systems. This is inevitably accompanied by a significant increase in data flow from sensors, monitoring systems, meteorological stations, drones, satellites and other external systems. Farm management has the opportunity to use various online applications for accurate recommendations and making various kinds of management decisions. In this regard, the most effective use of cloud information technologies, allowing implementing the most complex information and technical level of automation systems for management of agricultural technologies. The purpose of this work is to test the approach to creating expert management decision support systems (DSS) through the knowledge base (KB), formed in the cloud information system. For this, we consider an example of constructing a DSS for choosing the optimal date for preparing forage from perennial grasses. A complete theoretical and algorithmic database of the analytical DSS implemented in the data processing center of the cloud information system is given. On its basis, a KB is formed for a variety of different decision-making conditions. This knowledge base is transmitted to the local DSS. To make decisions about the optimal dates for the preparation of the local DSS, two variants of algorithms are used. The first option is based on management models, and the second uses the pattern recognition method. The approbation of the algorithms was carried out according to the BZ from 50 cases. According to the results of testing, the method of pattern recognition proved to be more accurate, which provides a more flexible adjustment of the situation on the local DSS to a similar situation in the KB. The considered technique can be extended to other crops.

The paper presents the results of research on the influence of not uniform depth of moldboard and boardless cultivation on agrophysical indicators in the basic soil preparation system in the corn cultivation on the reclaimed lands of the Upper Volga region during three rotations of the 4-field crop rotation. Investigations were carried out in 2004—2016 in the test site of Agroflrm «Dmitrova Gora», OJSC, Konakovsky District Tver Region. As an object of analysis the corn hybrid PR-39B x29 was used, it belongs to the first group of early maturity in accordance with the FAO classification, and in the Upper Volga region condition stably reaches middle dough stage of the corn on the cob in the first half of September. The thickness of the arable layer is 20... 22 cm; humus content 1.62—1.78%; easily hydrolyzed nitrogen 72—78 mg; Р₂О₅ — 155—182 mg; K₂O — 93—104 mg/kg of soil;pH_sott:x:rat — 5.8—5.9. It has been established that moldboard plowing at 30 cm significantly improves the structure of the topsoil only, up to the level of a plowed furrow. Therefore, in order to fundamentally improve the reclaimed land structural condition during moldboard implements cultivation should be used subsoil plowing. Disk plowing and deep chisel plowing at the beginning of the corn growing season ensure the maximum supply of productive moisture in all soil layers compared to plowing to a depth of20 (control) and 30 cm, but at the beginning of the field crops growing season productive moisture corresponded to the optimum value for all basic soil cultivation methods.

The results of research of photosystem II in the soybean leaves under the influence of herbicides used in crops for weed control are presented. The biochemical composition of the latter depends on the process of assimilation of light quanta, ensuring the formation of organic substances in the leaves and their outflow into the seeds. The results indicate the effect of herbicides on the protein content in the seeds. The highest protein content (40.8%) on average for 4 years of research, was obtained in the seeds of plants of the control variant, the lowest (37.5%) this indicator was, when using Frontier into the soil. However, Frontier did not impact on the quantum yield of photosynthesis in a negative way. A positive impact of Pivot, Fabian and Pulsar was noted a month after their application, in the bean formation phase, of plants of these experimental variants, on the quantum yield of photosynthesis, which reached the optimal parameters (0.700-0.800 units). The highest rate (0.841 units)of the quantum yield of photosynthesis was in the variant with the use of Pivot herbicide, which indicates its stimulating effect in residual quantities on the absorption ofquanta of light. At the same time, an increase in the quantum yield of photosynthesisraised the content of amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and arginine,in the seeds, compared with the control. A decreasing trend (by 0.01-0.06%) in the phosphorus content in all variants with the application of herbicides, in comparison with the control,was noted.The content of potassium under the influence of Frontier,grew on 0.12% relative to the control. Herbicides did not have a significant effect on other indicators of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds. There was no significant dependence of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds on the quantum yield of photosynthesis, with the exception of some individual indicators of amino acid content using Pivot, which stimulates the process of assimilation of solar energy.

The data on assessment the preservative action of new enzymatic multisystem in combination with bacterial silage additive Silzak at alfalfa ensiling are presented in this study. It is known that alfalfa is a nonensiling legume grass because of excess moisture, sugar deficit and high content of crude protein. The experiments on alfalfa ensiling were conducted with application the enzymatic multisystem FM-1 under laboratory and research-and-production conditions. The multisystem was developed by the specialists of science-and-technical centre «Lecbiotech» in cooperation with scientists of Williams Fodder Research Institute. The optimal dose of FM-1 application and its preservative effectiveness in comparison with chemical conservant were determined in technological experiments. Obtained silage was evaluated on basic parameters: nutrients and organic acids content, ammonia, active acidity. The influence of the tested biological additive on the nutrients digestibility and energy value of alfalfa silage was estimated in experiments with hog lambs. Total results have shown the efficiency of the new development. Lucerne silage, prepared with application of mixture FM-1 and Silzak, was characterized by the better parameters of nutrients digestibility and energy value than at using a chemical conservant AIV 3 plus. The optimal dose of enzymatic multisystem application, as 90 gram per ton of fresh plant mass, was determined in the series of experiments.

Breeding for creating apple varieties not only adaptive, perishable, high-yielding, with high commodity and consumer qualities of fruits, but also with fruits rich in sugar, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and P-active substances has been conducted for about 50 years at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). Apple varieties with the improved biochemical composition of fruit are briefly described in this article. The long-term study made it possible to identify 3 varieties among apple varieties of VNIISPK breeding that have high content of sugars in fruit including Blagodat — 13.3%, Vavilovskoye — 13.0 and Ministr Kisilev — 13.1%, with an average sugar content in 58 varieties — 10.6%. The best varieties by the content ofascorbic acid in fruits were Ivanovskoye — 19.5 mg/100 g, Veteran — 19.4, Nizkorosloye — 18.0 and Pepin Orlovsky — 15.3 mg/100 g. With an average content of P-active substances 364 mg/100g in 58 varieties the best varieties were Candil Orlovsky — 558, Orlovsky Pioner — 514, Pamyaty Khitrovo — 480 and Radost Nadezhdy — 474 mg/100 g. The long-term work has shown that by breeding it is possible to improve significantly the biochemical composition of the fruit in apple. The introduction of intensive orchards into production with apple varieties having high content of sugars, ascorbic acid and P-active substances gives an opportunity to increase the food and medicine value of fruits without additional costs.

Ryazan region annually receives stable yields of sugar beet roots 40 t/ha. Further growth of yields depends on balanced nutrition of plants cultivated hybrids, from the quality of the soil and of the phytosanitary State of sowing culture. Weed vegetation in wider spaced row crops of sugar beet in the initial periods of vegetation is high competition culture. The article presents the results of three studies on the effectiveness of the herbicide betanalnoj group, used to reduce contamination of sowing culture annual dicotyledonous weeds and increase the harvest of sugar beet roots. Studies conducted on experimental fields ISSA-branch FGBNU FNAC WIM (former AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE in Ryazan). Soil: dark grey forest tjazhelosuglinistaja, humus content 4.0%, potassium and phosphorus-high pH is 5.8. Area of cultivated plots 50 m², repetition, four sugar beet variety-Ocean. The predecessor-winter wheat. Under the autumn ploughing had made NPK_I20 under presowing cultivation-N₆₀, SEV conducted seeder sowing machine. For crop protection herbicides were tested annually of sugar beet Betanal progress, UF-I.0 l/HA, Forte di Belvedere-I.0 l/HA, Betanal Max Pro-I.5 l/HA, Bajrang engineering works Super-I.5 l/HA, once applied to weeds. The harvest of sugar beet roots, take into account the square I0 m² in 4-times repeated with each experimental plot by weighing machinery, processed data by ANOVA. The research found that studied herbicides efficiently at 87—92%, reduced infestation annual dicotyledonous weeds and increase the harvest of sugar beet roots to 29.9—44.1%.

The synthesis of biologically valuable protein, polysaccharides, incl. chitin-glucan-mannan complex non-pathogenic strain of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae in the process of solid-phase cultivation on the secondary raw materials processing industries of the AIC. The content of crude protein on the medium with sunflower meal was 78.0%, which was 2 times higher than the initial medium (38.6%); a higher accumulation of proteins was achieved on media with sunflower meal and grain bard (4:I) — 86.4%. It was established that the media containing grain bard in its composition provided the highest accumulation of polysaccharides — 25.0—30.0%, which is I.5 times higher than on the initial medium. Introduction to the composition of the nutrient medium of sunflower meal in the amount of 20 and 80% of grain bards allowed to increase the yield of the chitin-glucan complex to 32%, while the amount of protein was 76%. The content of essential amino acids of microbial biomass grown on the medium with sunflower meal increased I.8 times and amounted to I43.7 mg/g. The main increase in the content of essential amino acids accounted for such amino acids as methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine. The obtained results can be used for the production of a protein-polysaccharide feed enrichment with sorbing properties.

In the article the authors examine nutritive value of beef generated on concentrate fattening of beef cattle according to content of fat, protein and amino acids. Specimens for chemical analysis have been taken from the longest muscle of dorsum (Musculus longissimus dorsi). For comparative analysis three specimens have been selected: two from beef and one from porkmeat. The first sample has been prepared from beef of traditional fattening (I t.f.), the second one — from marbled beef (II c.f.) and the last one — from pork (III p.). The first and third samples have been extracted from cooled production realized in fresh form, on half carcass transection on second last rib. As for the second specimen an end product has been taken that is realized in cellophane vacuum package under the firm name «Marbled beef medallion», produced on cattle grain fattening «Black Angus» (correct name — Aberdeen-Angus breed) during 200 days. Chemical analysis has been conducted in researching centre Federal Science Centre «All-Russian Scientific-Researching and Technological Institute of Poultry Industry» under the Russian Academy of Science in 2018. Chemical and amino acid content has been examined in air-dried material of muscular tissue. The group of authors has discovered that in beef muscular tissue produced on concentrate fattening the content of protein is 20—23% less and fat is about five times more than in muscle of pork and beef generated on traditional fattening. The total content of amino acids of concentrate group was 23.4% less that in beef cattle muscle under the standard fattening and 19.6% less than in pork muscle. Deterioration of nutritive value arises due to increase of fat content and decrease of amino acids that are a part of globular and fibrillary proteins.

There is offered the simulation method for sprinkling devices application on different mode operating irrigation machines, working in movement, when the uniform irrigation depth should be ensured. In justifying the calculation method, the following provisions were adopted as the initial working hypothesis: the use of sprinkler devices on sprinkling equipment, which include any devices that generate artificial rain with characteristics suitable for irrigation. These can be sprinklers and nozzles; uniform irrigation is carried out, if in any part of the seasonal load area of the machine its spray equipment is provided with a hydraulic module q. equal to the calculated q ; the method of spraying devices selection and the assessment of irrigation uniformity should be consistent with each other. As a result of continuation of the previously completed work a mathematical description of the conditions was adopted that ensure evenness of rainfall distribution by sprinkling machines. The analysis of irrigation uniformity values has proved their matching to the simulation of sprinkling devices application conditions. It is proved that shown indices could be evaluated by the distribution of supplied hydro modules values, by using well-known rating formula and frequency plots. Additional effectively irrigated area outside the irrigation machine pipeline extension is calculated by the radius or efficient irrigation width; they are evaluated in accordance with the given method.