Readiness and attitude of medical students to health and recreational activities: priority assessment

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Abstract

Objective. To analyze the health level of students of Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky on the basis of the respondents' subjective assessment of their well-being, as well as to assess the level of medical students` awareness about the methods of medical rehabilitation (health improvement) and the possibility to undergo it during studies at the educational institution.

Materials and methods. The study comprised data collection by means of an anonymous sociological survey (aimed at subjective assessment of well-being among medical students) using phones or tablets. 152 students of V.I. Razumovsky SSMU of all years and faculties participated in the survey. The survey was conducted using a specially created questionnaire in electronic format via Google Form. For mathematical processing, the results of the study were initially added to an electronic database; the results of the study were analyzed using the descriptive statistics method.

Results. It was determined during the study that most students assess their health as satisfactory and above average, while they often have chronic diseases, mainly those of the digestive organs, musculoskeletal, nervous and respiratory systems. It was also found out that the majority of students were familiar with various methods of medical rehabilitation, but not all of them had experience of using these methods.

Conclusions. Students are interested in rehabilitation methods and are willing to use them to improve their health, but most of the students are not aware of the recreational opportunities provided by the university and are eager to benefit from it for free and with a convenient schedule.

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Introduction

Recreational therapy, also known as health improvement and therapeutic recreation, is a systematic process that uses rest and other activity-based approaches to satisfy the needs of people with illnesses and/or disabling conditions as a means to achieve psychological and physical health, recovery, and well-being1.

Unlike medical rehabilitation, which is a set of medical and psychological measures aimed at a full or partial restoration of impaired functions and/or compensation for the lost functions of an affected organ or body system, maintaining body functions during the completion of an acute pathological process or the exacerbation of a chronic pathological process in the body, as well as preventing, early diagnosing, and correcting possible functional impairments of damaged organs or systems, reducing the degree of potential disability, improving quality of life, maintaining a patient’s ability to work and their social integration, recreation (health improvement) focuses on working with a fatigued but healthy patient.

Students are one of the groups vulnerable to various diseases, particularly chronic ones. Factors contributing to the development of illnesses include low physical activity [1], high academic workload, psycho-emotional stress [2; 3] and other environmental impacts.

The preservation of students' health is a global issue, and researchers from all continents are developing concepts to address this problem2 [4].

One of these solutions is the organization of a multi-level and multi-component model of a health and advisory center for students [5], the development of health-saving technologies within the university [6].

Also, to create a favorable environment for students' health preservation and to increase their stress resistance during challenging academic periods, campuses with wellness complexes are being designed [7–10], specialized walking routes in forested areas are being created [11], and urban infrastructure is being developed to increase physical activity [12].

The prospect of campus development as a promising approach to increasing students' physical activity is confirmed by research data [13; 14]. Additionally, one of the solutions to this issue is the development of a university-based recreational tourism system [15–17].

The objective of the study is to analyze the health level of students of Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (SSMU) on the basis of the respondents' subjective assessment of their well-being, as well as to assess the level of medical students' awareness of medical rehabilitation (health improvement) methods and the possibility to use them while studying at the educational institution.

Materials and Methods 

The study comprised data collection by means of an anonymous sociological survey (aimed at the subjective assessment of well-being among medical students) using phones or tablets. The survey included 152 students of all years and faculties of V.I. Razumovsky SSMU. It was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire in electronic format via Google Form.

Approval for conducting the study was granted by the Local Ethics Committee (LEC) of Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (LEC Protocol No. 2 dated 02.02.2024). The study was carried out with voluntary informed consent from the participants, in accordance with international and Russian ethical principles and norms (excerpt from Protocol No. 19 of the Bioethics Committee Meeting dated October 26, 2018). The study was performed in accordance with the requirements of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (2013 edition). 

For mathematical processing, the results of the study were initially added to an electronic database; the results of the study were analyzed using the descriptive statistics method.

Results and Discussion

Analysis of the survey data revealed that the majority of the respondents were females (74.3 %) and the largest age groups were 20–22 years (41.4 %) and 17–19 years (33.6 %). Additionally, students aged 23–25 years (19.7 %), 26–30 years (1.3 %), and over 30 years (3.9 %) took part in the survey. Most respondents were from the 2nd (20.4 %), 3rd (17.1 %), 4th (17.1 %), and 6th (17.1 %) years, but there were also 1st (14.5 %) and 5th-year (9.9 %) students, as well as residents (3.9 %). 57 % of the participants of the study were permanent residents of the Saratov region, while 43 % had arrived there for the period of their studies. 

One of the main questions which served the objective of our research was to clarify the health status of the students. When asked, "How do you assess your health?", the majority responded that their health was "similar to most people" (49.3 %) or "above average" (32.2 %). Additionally, some rated their health as "below average" (10,5 %), and described it as "excellent" (7.9 %). It is worth noting that none of the respondents assessed their health as poor. Most students reported having 1–2 chronic diseases, the most common being digestive disorders (28.8 %), diseases of the musculoskeletal system (17.1 %), nervous system disorders (14.5 %), respiratory (12.5 %), and cardiovascular (11.8 %) diseases. Other mentioned conditions included endocrine disorders (7.9 %), kidney and urinary tract diseases (4 %), vision (3.2 %), and hearing disorders (0.7 %). However, one third (35.5 %) of students reported no chronic illnesses. 

The COVID-19 pandemic also has left its effect on the health of medical students [18–22], which undoubtedly turned out to be related to the learning features (brought them closer to practical clinical experience), students worked as junior and mid-level medical personnel during the pandemic [23; 24], while others experienced reduced physical activity due to self-isolation measures [25–27]. Survey data revealed that 37.5 % of respondents were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, with 14.5 % having been infected repeatedly. Moreover, 42.1 % of students reported experiencing specific symptom, although SARS-CoV-2 was not officially confirmed. Only 20.4 % of the students reported that they had never been infected. 

We studied medical students' awareness of medical rehabilitation methods. The survey showed that the vast majority of students knew such methods as physical therapy (95.4 %), massage (90.8 %), balneotherapy (73 %), mud therapy (75.7 %), and hydrotherapy (80.9 %), electric current exposure, in particular galvanization, electrophoresis, electrosleep, DDT, amplipulse, darsonvalization, diathermy (82 %) exposure to an electromagnetic field, in particular magnetic therapy, UHF, inductothermy, DMW, CMW, EHF therapy (73 %), exposure to electromagnetic radiation of the optical range, namely laser, IR radiation, UV radiation therapy (68.4 %) and thermal procedures (66.4 %). At the same time, medical students were less aware of climatotherapy (49.3 %) and reflexotherapy (42.8 %). It is important to note that the respondents stated they first learned about rehabilitation methods during their university courses.  According to the survey, among all the listed rehabilitation methods, the most commonly experienced by future doctors were massage (60.5 %), physical therapy (46.1 %), and electrotherapy (35.5 %), while 21.1 % of respondents reported that they had never used any rehabilitation techniques. Among students who underwent therapy, 54.7 % noted a slight effect, 20.5 % experienced a significant improvement, and 24.8 % didn’t see any changes. However, 80.9 % of the respondents stated that they had never undergone medical rehabilitation after an illness, and 65.8 % had never visited a sanatorium. Among those who had received rehabilitation, 61.8 % underwent outpatient therapy in their places of residence, 9 % were treated in sanatoriums within the Saratov region, 11.8 % in the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody region, and 17.6 % in sanatoriums in other regions of Russia.

According to students' responses, 82.8 % of the respondents would like to undergo sanatorium treatment. At the same time, the most desirable place of treatment were the resorts of Altai and Crimea (47 %), the Krasnodar region (43.7 %), and the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody region (39.1 %). Additionally, 37.7 % of students wished to receive treatment outside of Russia. Only 2 % of the respondents are eager to visit sanatoriums in the Saratov region. This is due to the young people's desire to travel, explore new places, and their high mobility.

The level of awareness of students of State Medical University named after Razumovsky about the recreational methods provided by the university was also assessed in the study. The survey revealed that 68.4 % of students had never heard of the university's recreational facilities and had never considered this aspect.  Among students who had participated in recreational activities at the university locations, the most popular facilities were the Sports and Fitness Complex (26.6 %), the university ski base (21.9 %), and the Chardym recreation center (12.5 %). Additionally, students received treatment at the psychological counseling office (7.8 %), the occupational pathology clinic both on an outpatient (4.7 %) and inpatient (4.7 %) basis, as well as in other universityclinics (6.3 %).

The students were asked if they would like the university to expand the opportunities after completing their recreation, and the majority (95.4 %) answered positively. Among the interviewed students, 25.2 % were ready to participate in recreation only if it was free, 24.5 % preferred a flexible schedule, 15.2 % were ready to undergo a recreation twice a year during vacations, 13.2 % – once a year, and 6% were willing to engage in recreational activities on weekends throughout the year.  The main reasons for unwillingness of recreation, students cite lack of free time (45.5 %), high costs of procedures or therapy (25 %), doubts about specialists' qualifications (13.6 %), lack of confidence in the effectiveness of therapy (13.6 %), and the inconvenient location of recreational facilities (6.8 %).

Overall, students have a positive attitude toward health and recreational activities. Nearly all medical students (96 % of the respondents) recognize their importance in the recovery and the need for their use based on medical indications.  As suggestions for promoting recreational activities, respondents proposed the creation of a separate student polyclinic with a rehabilitation department and recreational areas, the introduction of financial benefits for students when paying for recreational centers, wellness facilities, and sports complexes, informing students about the availability of methods and opportunities for recreation (health improvement) at the university and teaching techniques for their use.

Conclusions

It was determined while conducting the study that the majority of students assess their health as satisfactory or above average, at the same time they often suffer from chronic diseases, mainly those of the digestive organs, musculoskeletal, nervous, and respiratory systems. Additionally, most students are aware of various medical rehabilitation methods, but not all have an experience of using them. 

Students show an interest in rehabilitation methods and are ready to make use of them to improve their health, however, most students of SSMU named after V.I. Razumovsky are unaware of the recreational opportunities provided by the university. 

The majority of the students expressed a desire to participate in recreational activities for free and with a convenient schedule.

 

1 American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA). 2019, available at: https://clck.ru/38ZT26 (дата обращения: 05.02.2024); Order No. 788N of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated July 31, 2020, "On Approval of the Procedure for Organizing Medical Rehabilitation for Adults".

2 Edmonton Charter on Health Promoting Universities and Institutions of Higher Education. – 28.02.2006, available at: https://healthycampuses.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2005_Edmonton _Charter_HPU.pdf.

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About the authors

Yu. N. Belyaeva

Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8893-1907

Assistant of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy, General Medical Practice and Preventive Medicine

Russian Federation, Saratov

R. R. Usmanov

Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9142-6821

Resident in Therapy

Russian Federation, Saratov

Ya. I. Frolova

Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-0776-3176

Resident in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Russian Federation, Saratov

M. A. Polidanov

University «Reaviz»

Author for correspondence.
Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7538-7412

research department specialist, assistant of the Department of Biomedical Disciplines

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

K. A. Belyaev

Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-6869-1579

1st-year Student of the Medical Faculty

Russian Federation, Saratov

K. A. Volkov

Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3803-2644

3rd-year Student of the Medical Faculty

Russian Federation, Saratov

D. R. Yakupova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4776-6896

6th-year Student of the Medical Faculty

Russian Federation, Ufa

M. A. Kisurina

Samara State Medical University

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9070-5802

Resident in Pediatrics

Russian Federation, Samara

N. A. Lubochnikov

Samara State Medical University

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-4099-3372

5th-year Student of the Institute of Clinical Medicine

Russian Federation, Samara

M. A. Danielyan

Samara State Medical University

Email: maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-3945-9000

5th-year Student of the Institute of Clinical Medicine

Russian Federation, Samara

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